Functions of Bone and The Skeletal System questions

What are the functions of the skeletal system?
A. It stores calcium and lipids.
B. It provides structural support for the body.
C. It is involved in blood cell formation.
D. All of the listed responses are correct.

D. All of the listed responses are correct.

Where are red and white blood cells produced in bone?
A. Compact bone
B. Red marrow
C. Yellow marrow
D. Periosteum

B. Red marrow

Which bone is classified as an irregular bone?
A. Vertebra
B. Radius
C. Metacarpal bone
D. Rib

A. Vertebra

The bones that form the roof of the skull and the scapula are classified as:
A. Flat bones
B. Irregular bones
C. Short bones
D. Sesamoid bones

A. Vertebra

What are mature bone cells found in lacunae called?
A. Osteoblasts
B. Osteocytes
C. Osteoclasts
D. Osteoprogenitors

B. Osteocytes

6. Which giant, multinucleated cells are involved in osteolysis?
A. Osteoclasts
B. Osteoblasts
C. Osteocytes
D. Osteoprogenitors

A. Osteoclasts

What is a basic histological difference between compact and spongy bone?
A. Spongy bone contains plates called trabeculae.
B. The basic functional unit of compact bone is the osteon, or Haversian system.
C. Osteons are not present in compact bone.
D. Compact bone does not have a lamellar arrangement.

B. The basic functional unit of compact bone is the osteon, or Haversian system.

Spongy bone consists of a network of bony struts separated by spaces normally filled with:
A. Bone marrow
B. Lacunae
C. Osteocytes
D. Lamellae

A. Bone marrow

Where is spongy bone primarily found in long bones?
A. Bone surfaces, except inside joint capsules
B. Exterior region of the shaft
C. Axis of the diaphysis
D. Expanded ends where long bones articulate with other skeletal elements

D. Expanded ends where long bones articulate with other skeletal elements

Compact bone is usually found where:
A. Stresses arrive from a limited range of directions
B. Bones are not heavily stressed
C. Stresses arrive from many directions
D. Trabeculae are aligned with extensive cross-bracing

C. Stresses arrive from many directions

During intramembranous ossification, developing bone grows outward from the ossification center in small struts called:
A. Osteogenic layers
B. Lacunae
C. Spicules
D. Dermal bones

C. Spicules

What is the process in which osteoblasts begin to differentiate within mesenchymal or fibrous connective tissue?
A. Osteoprogenesis
B. Endochondral ossification
C. Intramembranous ossification
D. Osteolysis

C. Intramembranous ossification

What is the process in which bone develops from a cartilage model that is later replaced by bone?
A. Articular ossification
B. Secondary ossification
C. Endochondral ossification
D. Intramembranous ossification

C. Endochondral ossification

The epiphyseal plate is the region where:
A. Cartilage is being replaced by bone
B. Secondary ossification centers are located
C. The epiphysis begins to calcify at birth
D. Collagen fibers become cemented into lamellae

A. Cartilage is being replaced by bone

The bony skeleton begins forming approximately ______ after fertilization and usually does not stop growing until about age ______.
A. 3 days; 12
B. 3 weeks; 18
C. 6 weeks; 25
D. 5 months; 35

B. 3 weeks; 18

What is the process of replacing other tissues with bone called?
A. Ossification
B. Osteoprogenesis
C. Remodeling
D. Calcification

A. Ossification

Which disorder involves abnormal bone formation in places where bone should not normally form after minor injury?
A. Acromegaly
B. Osteopenia
C. Myositis ossificans
D. Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

C. Myositis ossificans

Which condition involves a reduction in bone mass that can compromise normal function?
A. Osteopenia
B. Osteitis deformans
C. Osteoporosis
D. Osteomyelitis

C. Osteoporosis

A person who eats mostly junk food and has a sedentary job is NOT likely to experience:
A. Decreased osteoblast activity
B. Decreased ability to resist stress on bones
C. Thin, brittle bones
D. Thickened, prominent ridges at muscle attachment sites

D. Thickened, prominent ridges at muscle attachment sites

Growth hormone and thyroxine maintain normal bone growth activity at the:
A. Diaphysis
B. Endosteum
C. Periosteum
D. Epiphyseal plates

D. Epiphyseal plates

Where are secondary ossification centers found?
A. Diaphysis
B. Periosteum
C. Medullary cavity
D. Epiphyses of a long bone

D. Epiphyses of a long bone

A Pott's fracture is primarily identified by a:
A. Break in both lower-leg bones at the ankle
B. Transverse break in the bone
C. Break in the radius at the wrist
D. Spiral break in the bone

A. Break in both lower-leg bones at the ankle

Depressions, grooves, and tunnels in bones indicate:
A. Attachment of ligaments and tendons
B. Locations where blood vessels or nerves lie alongside or penetrate bones
C. Where bones articulate
D. All of the above

D. All of the above

Where is a sesamoid bone most commonly found?
A. Between the flat bones of the skull
B. Near joints, especially the knee, hands, and feet
C. In the forearm and lower leg
D. In spinal vertebrae

B. Near joints, especially the knee, hands, and feet

The periosteum:
A. Isolates bone from surrounding tissues
B. Provides routes for blood vessels and nerves
C. Participates in bone growth and repair
D. Does all of the above

D. Does all of the above

Osteolysis is important in regulating:
A. Differentiation of osteoblasts into osteocytes
B. Organic components of the bone matrix
C. Calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids
D. Production of new bone

C. Calcium and phosphate concentrations in body fluids

A tall, slender person with unusually long, slender limbs due to excessive cartilage formation at epiphyseal cartilages may have:
A. Pituitary dwarfism
B. Osteoporosis
C. Acromegaly
D. Marfan syndrome

D. Marfan syndrome

A girl born with nonfunctioning ovaries would be expected to have decreased activity of which type of cell?
A. Chondrocytes
B. Osteoclasts
C. Osteoblasts
D. Osteocytes

C. Osteoblasts

Darcy breaks the distal radius, and the bone projects through her skin. What type of fracture is this?
A. Open Colles' fracture
B. Closed spiral fracture
C. Open Pott's fracture
D. Closed Pott's fracture

A. Open Colles' fracture

The thyroid regulates bone growth and maintenance through production of:
A. Calcitriol
B. Estrogen
C. Growth hormone
D. Thyroxine

D. Thyroxine

When blood calcium levels rise above normal, calcitonin secretion:
A. Increases calcium ion excretion
B. Increases intestinal absorption
C. Activates the parathyroid gland
D. Promotes osteoclast activity

A. Increases calcium ion excretion

When cartilage is produced at the epiphyseal side at the same rate bone is deposited on the opposite side, bones:
A. Become thicker
B. Become shorter
C. Grow longer
D. Grow wider

C. Grow longer

What are the major advantages of continual bone remodeling?
A. It can change the internal structure of bone.
B. It can change the amount of minerals deposited in bone.
C. It can change the shape of bone.
D. All of the listed responses are correct.

D. All of the listed responses are correct.

Tendon fibers intermingle with periosteum fibers, attaching:
A. Articulations to trabeculae
B. One bone to another bone
C. Trabecular framework to periosteum
D. Skeletal muscles to bones

D. Skeletal muscles to bones

Appositional growth:
A. Involves osteoblasts and osteoclasts
B. Forms circumferential lamellae
C. Increases the diameter of a long bone
D. Does all of the above

D. Does all of the above

A fracture of vertebrae caused by extreme stress is called a:
A. Compression fracture
B. Greenstick fracture
C. Displaced fracture
D. Spiral fracture

A. Compression fracture

Which circulating hormones stimulate bone growth?
A. Growth hormone and thyroxine
B. Calcitonin and parathormone
C. Oxytocin and secretin
D. Epinephrine and relaxin

A. Growth hormone and thyroxine

Appositional bone growth at the outer surface results in:
A. Increased length of a bone
B. Thickening of cartilage
C. Increased hardening of the periosteum
D. Increased diameter of a growing bone

D. Increased diameter of a growing bone

Which vitamins are specifically required for normal bone growth?
A. Vitamins A, D, E, and K
B. Vitamins C and B complex
C. Vitamins A, C, and D
D. Vitamins B1, B2, and B3

A. Vitamins A, D, E, and K

Vitamin D-fortified milk helps prevent which childhood bone disorder?
A. Osteopenia
B. Pituitary dwarfism
C. Osteomyelitis
D. Rickets

D. Rickets

Why is vitamin C essential for bone health?
A. It stimulates osteoblast differentiation.
B. It prevents scurvy.
C. It is needed for enzymatic reactions involved in collagen production.
D. All of the listed responses are correct.

C. It is needed for enzymatic reactions involved in collagen production.

A fracture in which one side of the shaft breaks while the other side bends is a:
A. Compound fracture
B. Greenstick fracture
C. Comminuted fracture
D. Transverse fracture

B. Greenstick fracture

Which of the following does NOT occur during fracture repair?
A. Periosteum and endosteum cells divide and form osteoblasts.
B. Dead tissue next to the break is left in the break and covered by new bone tissue.
C. A fracture hematoma forms.
D. The external callus is remodeled.

B. Dead tissue next to the break is left in the break and covered by new bone tissue.

Osteomalacia can be caused by a diet deficient in:
A. Phosphate or vitamin D
B. Calcium or vitamin K
C. Calcium or vitamin D
D. Calcium or vitamin C

A. Phosphate or vitamin D

What condition causes a child's leg bones to bend under body weight?
A. Osteopenia
B. Rickets
C. Scurvy
D. Osteomalacia

B. Rickets

Which hormone synthesized in the kidneys regulates calcium and phosphate absorption in the digestive tract?
A. MSH
B. Adrenaline
C. Vitamin B
D. Calcitriol

D. Calcitriol

Fractures that shatter a bone into many small fragments are called:
A. Compression fractures
B. Colles' fractures
C. Comminuted fractures
D. Compound fractures

C. Comminuted fractures