respiratory system diseases, procedures, abreviations, treatments

Atelectasis

Collapsed or airless lung

Empyema

Pus in the pleural cavity

Rhonchus

Abnormal breath sound that sounds like snoring

Hypoxia

Deficiency of oxygen in the tissues

COVID-19

Highly contagious respiratory virus first identified in 2019

COPD

Group of respiratory disorders including chronic bronchitis and emphysema

Hypoxemia

Deficiency of oxygen in the blood

Cystic Fibrosis

Genetic disease causing thick, sticky mucus

Coryza

Acute inflammation of the nasal membranes; common cold

Emphysema

Disease characterized by decreased alveolar elasticity

Hemoptysis

Spitting or coughing up blood

Epistaxis

Nosebleed

Pulmonary Edema

Excess fluid in the lungs causing cough and shortness of breath

Pulmonary Embolism

Blockage of a pulmonary artery by a blood clot

Deviated Septum

Displacement of the cartilage dividing the nostrils

Pleurisy

Inflammation of the pleural membrane

OSA (Obstructive Sleep Apnea)

Sleep apnea caused by upper airway blockage

Consolidation

Loss of sponginess of the lungs due to engorgement

Pertussis

Whooping cough

Sputum Culture

Microbial test used to identify disease-causing organisms of the lower respiratory tract.

Polysomnography

Test of sleep cycles and stages.

CXR (Chest X-ray)

Imaging procedure used to evaluate the lungs.

Antral Lavage

Washing or irrigating the sinuses.

Antihistamine

Relieves sneezing, runny nose, itching, and rashes.

Antitussive

Relieves or suppresses coughing.

Sweat Test

Diagnostic procedure used primarily in children to confirm cystic fibrosis.

Oximetry

Noninvasive test used to monitor oxygen saturation in hemoglobin.

Thoracentesis

Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity.

Aerosol Therapy

Inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer.

Decongestant

Decreases mucous membrane swelling by constricting blood vessels.

Mantoux Test

Intradermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity.

BGs (Blood Gases)

Laboratory tests to assess gases and pH of arterial blood.

Expectorant

Reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing.

Throat Culture

Used to identify pathogens, especially group A streptococci.

Pulmonary Function Test

Multiple tests used to determine the ability of lungs and capillary membranes to exchange oxygen.

HBOT (Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy)

Delivers pure oxygen under increased pressure to promote healing and fight infection.

Septoplasty

Procedure to correct a deviated nasal septum.

Pneumonectomy

Excision (removal) of an entire lung.

CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure)

Medical device used to treat sleep apnea.