Civ Arts Exam #2

this is not gonna go well

Ave Maria

1. Time Period

2. What is it Portraying/Purpose & Mood

3. Instrumentation

4. Composer

1. Renaissance

2. Sacred latin motet praising the Virgin Mary. Serene, reverent, pure, prayerful,. Recounts key events in Mary’s life and ends with a personal prayer asking her to remember the singers

3. Written for 4 vocal parts

4. Josquin des Prez

La Primavera (Spring)

1. Time Period

2. Programatic?

3. What is it Portraying/Purpose & Mood

4. Instrumentation

5. Form(s)

6. Composer

1. Baroque

2. Yes; Programmatic concerto-instrumental music intended to portray specific story, scene, or poem

3. accompanied by Italian sonnet about springtime. Joyful, bright, energetic, festive. Arrival of spring. Movement 1 of 3 movements.

4. Solo Violin, String Orchestra, and Harpsichord

5. Concerto Grosso (small group of soloists contrasts from full orchestra) & Ritornello Form (catchy main orchestral refrain)

6. Antonio Vivaldi

Fugue in G Minor

1. Time Period

2. Programatic?

3. What is it Portraying/Purpose & Mood

4. Instrumentation

5. Form(s)

6. Composer

1. Baroque

2. No

3. written as showcase for organ performance and counterpoint mastery during Bach’s time as an organist.

4. Solo Organ

5. Fugue Structure & Polyphonic

6. Johann Sebastian Bach

The Joke

1. Time Period

2. What is it Portraying/Purpose & Mood

3. Instrumentation

4. Form

5. Composer

1. Neoclassicism

2. playful musical trick; deceptive false endings

3. String Quartet (2 violins, viola, cello)

4. Joseph Haydn

Symphony No. 40 in G Minor, K. 550 - First Movement

1. Time Period

2. What is it Portraying/Purpose & Mood

3. Instrumentation

4. Form(s)

5. Composer

1. Classical

2. Orchestral concert piece written during a period of intense personal and financial hardship for Mozart. Tragic, urgent, dramatic, emotional tension. 3 note rhythmic pulse opening.

3. Strings, Flute, Oboes, Clarinets, Bassoons, and French Horns (NO TRUMPETS or TIMPANI)

4. Sonata Allegro Form

5. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

St. Peter’s Basilica & Square

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Square & Colonnade: Bernini; Basilica: Michelangelo, Maderno, Bramante, etc.

2. Baroque

3. elliptical, not-parallel

4. Colonnade: doric, made of travertine (1.5 cubic ft of it), 4 rows of columns, lined with statues of saints (women and men). The square itself encloses visitors in the maternal arms of the church (church up to this point had been known only for collecting taxes, which is why many left)

St. Peter’s Egyptian Obelisk

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. 3rd century Egyptian emperor

2. Baroque

3. Monument/Egyptian Obelisk

4. inscribed at the bottom with info about popes, once stood in Circus Maximus, 3 different coats of arms of popes inscribed on it, compass rose and sundial placed on ground to mark time & solstices

St. Peter’s Baldacchino

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Bernini

2. Baroque

3. Bronze Sculpture

4. highlights where altar was (whole basilica was so ornate, this was needed to show visitors where altar was), ornate, 95 ft. high, guilt bronze, Solominic columns (spiraled), cornice curves inward, life-sized angels on top, top looks like draped cloth

Altar of the Chair of St. Peter

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Bernini

2. Baroque

3. Gilt Bronze Sculpture

4. the chair itself (original relic) is inside the sculpture, 4 gigantic bronze statues representing 2 Greek and 2 Latin doctors of the church, small window above altar to allow light to hit bronze and create “rays”, dove represents holy spirit, divided into 12 sections for 12 disciples.

Ecstasy of Saint Teresa

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Bernini

2. Baroque

3. White Marble Sculpture

4. artist has created an environment where light source shines on rays. Teresa is being stabbed in the heart by an angel with a golden spear.

Theater Box with Members of Conora Family

placed next to the Ecstasy of Saint Teresa Statue adds drama and points to Bernini’s theatrical background, while paying homage to the family that the chapel was made in honor of.

Apollo and Daphne

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Bernini

2. Baroque

3. Marble Sculpture

4. emotional expression, transformation. Cupid shot the Golden arrow into Apollo, making him love the next woman he saw. Cupid shot the Lead arrow into Daphne, drying up love and filling Daphne with revulsion toward romance. She couldn’t excape Apollo so she asked her river-god father to turn her into a tree so as to not be defiled by Apollo’s touch. She then transformed, captured in the sculpture. themes of close pursuit and fear, fluid movement, drama, and transformation.

Calling of St. Matthew

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

WHAT TECHNIQUE DOES THIS PAINTING USE??

1. Caravaggio

2. Baroque

3. Oil on canvas

4. light & darkness, modern clothing (not biblical times), Jesus inviting Matthew (tax collector) to join him as a disciple.

Chiaroscuro: the strong contrast between light and dark across a composition

Caravaggio

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Simon Vouet (or Caravaggio? - aka Michelangelo Merisi of Caravaggio)

2. Baroque

3. Oil on canvas self-portrait

4. most of Caravaggio’s pieces were biblical scenes. he was known for having weapons, brawling, getting arrested, committing murder, and drinking. his paintings didn’t make sense of his lifestyle.

Hall of Mirrors

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Commissioner: King Luois XIV; Architect: Jules Hardouin-Mansart; Painter: Charles Le Brun

2. Baroque

3. French Baroque Architecture (highly decorative but less severe)

4. one of the grandest rooms in the world. 34 ft wide, 250 ft long. room on each side. originally built as an open door terrace overlooking the gardens before it was enclosed to create the central gallery. connects the King’s Grand Apartment on one end to the Queen’s Grand apartment on the other.

• large arched windows line on side of hall, casting natural light onto mirrors on opposite side

• chandeliers and decor were elaborate, all reflecting light

• mirrors were made exclusively in Venice, but the king wanted everything in Versailles to come from France so he enticed Italy to give up its secrets

The War Room

• room in Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

• Connects to King’s Grand Apartment

• oil on canvas

• features allegorical and symbolic artwork glorifying French military victories led by the King

The Peace Room

• room branching off of the Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

• marble panels, gilded bronze, etc.

• designed with motifs representing harmony, culture, and peace (musical instruments and olive branches)

• gilded bronze relief mounted on marble panels placed on wall of the Peace Room off Hall of Mirrors, Versailles

• features a musical instrument, symbolizing peace and harmony

• Head is Apollo’s (sun god) to represent light, order, and harmony

• French Royal Coat of Arms: blue oval in the middle contains 3 golden fleur-de-lis, the official symbol of the French monarchy

• angels & cherubs frame the royal coat of arms with garlands

• oil paintings in surrounding arches depict peace, music, and the flourishing of the arts

• Golden Lyre (bottom): a relief continuing the theme of peace

Hall of Mirrors Ceiling Paintings: “Capture of the City and Citadel of Gand in Six Days”

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Charles Le Brun

2. Baroque

3. Oil painting on canvas

4. illustrates French political success. looks upside down until on the ceiling.

• in Hall of Mirrors

• Sun God head = who King Luois XIV thought he was (appointed by God)

• King Louis’s motto: Nec Pluribus Impar = “Above all”

• King Luois XIV tried converting France to Catholicism. 2000 churches destroyed, forced Protestants to leave. Baptized children Catholic.

“Order Restored in the Kingdom’s Finances” in Hall of Mirrors

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Charles Le Brun

2. Baroque

3. oil on canvas

4. pet represents wealth. Bottom Right Woman: accounting/bookkeeping holding a ledger. Bottom Left Woman: France’s wealth. Center Left Woman: Minerva (armored goddess) shielding the kingdom and guiding the King’s financial decisions

“Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle” in the Hall of Mirrors

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Charles Le Brun

2. Baroque

3. oil on canvas

4. Luois is in the center bc he put himself in religious art (corny ahh). Celebrates Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle, ending the War of Devolution between France and Spain. Copying Greco-Roman art.

Self-Portrait with Maulstick Rembrandt

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Rembrandt

2. Baroque

3. oil on canvas - “brush strokes”

4. circles in back might be maps on the wall? not signed = he may not have been done with it? holding a stick because if you’re painting something very detailed you have to put a stick on it to steady your hand.

• white cap: painter’s cap proving it’s a self-portrait

• red garment: focal point symbolizing richness

• furlined robe: status, prestige, dignity - but he was bankrupt at the time

The Denial of St. Peter

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Rembrandt

2. Baroque

3. Oil on canvas - brush strokes (thick broad impasto)

4. chiaroscuro (use of single candle to illuminate Peter’s expression of vulnerability, hesitation, and guilt).

Young Woman with a Water Pitcher

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Johannes Vermeer

2. baroque

3. oil on canvas

4. depicts domestic virtue, cleanliness, and tranquility

• water pitcher: purity & cleanliness

• Jewlery Box & Pearls: worldly vanities

• Map of 17 Provinces: the netherlands, reflecting Dutch Pride

Still Life: An Allegory of the Vanities of Human Life

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Harmen Steenwyck

2. Baroque

3. Oil on oak

4. reminder of mortality. books represent human knowledge, arts, and intellectual pleasures. Japanese sword and Pottery represent power, ealth, strength, and status. Oil lamp represents brief spark of human life. Seashell represents venity. Pocket Watch represents passing time.

Salon de la Princesse, Hotel de Soubise

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Germain Boffrand

2. Rococo

3. Architecture

4. carved wood paneling, sky-blue ceiling, ovate, large mirrors, gold trim

Pilgrimage to Cythera

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Jean-Antoine Watteau

2. Rococo

3. oil on canvas

4. birthplace of Venus where 2 aristocratic lovers are going to. fete galante = new painting genre invented by Watteau. Lady looking back is centerpiece as richest and most beautiful. goes through 4 stages of love between the couple.

The Swing

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Jean-Honore Fragonard

2. Rococo

3. Oil on canvas

4. kicked off shoe represents her not being bound to any lover. older man in the background (husband?) pulls ropes of swing unaware her lover is looking up her dress. Cupid is signaling secrecy. Twin cherubs look alarmed. This was Fragonard’s breakthrough to make some money.

Oath of Horatii

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Jacques-Louis David

2. Neoclassic

3. oil on canvas

4. 3 brothers of the Horatii family salute their father before going to fight the 3 Curiatti brothers to end the Roman-Alba Longa war. the women are weeping because they are sisters and wives of both families. brighter, detailed, roman architecture, geometric pattern on floor, very symmetrical. political message: loyalty above all else. clothing and architecture = roman (not of the time). message = of the time.

Death of Marat

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Jacques-Louis David

2. Neoclassic

3. Oil on canvas

4. Marat was a french revolutionary, scientist, and political journalist who suffered from a severe skin condition and spent hours soaking in a medicinal bath to soothe it. Assassinated by a woman who stabbed him. David made marat appear as a martyr for the revolution by placing him in Jesus’ pose in the Pieta.

• bathtub = sarcophagus (darkened, shallow background)

• prominent wound (single stab)

• “Given that I am unhappy, I have the right to your help” (framed Marat as a compassionate public servant who was betrayed)

• secular figure presented as a martyr and religious figure

Napolean Crossing the Alps

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Jacques-Louis David

2. Neoclassic

3. oil on canvas

4. napolean’s sitting up on horse while it’s rearing up on a steep cliff (completely unrealistic). not looking at trail or where his hand is pointed (as if he can determine where his troops will go without fear that destiny will present dangers to them). calm expression. Napolean fills entire space, making him appear larger than life.

Nicolo Paganini

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres (David’s student)

2. Neoclassic

3. Graphite and chalk on tracing paper

4. Paganini was a violinist that wrote some music. he’s holding a violin and bow. lines are supoerior to color to Ingres.

• string quartet: 1st violin, 2nd violin, viola, cello

• painter is anonymous

• Franz Joseph Haydn was considered the father of the string quartet

La Madaleine

• looks like parthenon

• high relief sculptures

• greek model

• corinthian columns

• horizontal dentil molding & entablature

• construction began w intention of it becoming a church, but during french rev., religion was banned and work halted. alternate uses were proposed (bank, library, train station). Napoleon decided on transforming it into a civic monument to his soldiers, but following his downfall, King Louis XVIII finished it as a catholic church.

The Last Judgement

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. Philippe Joseph Henri Lemaire

2. Neoclassic

3. Pediment high relief sculptures

4. saints to the left of Jesus, Mary magdeline to his right, pleading for whose who did not make it. those hell bound are to the right of Mary.

Arc de Triomphe

1. Artist/Sculptor/Architect

2. Time Period

3. Type of Art

4. Other Info

1. N.A.

2. Neoclassic

3. Architecture

4. beneath it are tombs of soldiers of WWI. modeled after Arc of Titus. Holds elements of ancient roman architecture with roman decorative details (allegorical figures from Roman Mythology)

1. Polyphony/Polyphonic

2. Monophony/Monophonic

3. Homophony/Homophonic

1. describes a section or piece of music with more than one independent melodic voice or line

2. a type of music that has only one part (voice) performed by one or more persons

3. a section or piece of music in which the lines or voices move in the same rhythym simultaneously

1. Concerto Grosso

2. Consort

3. Chordal

1. a work from Baroque orchestra in which the main body of the orchestra plays a recurring theme (ritornello) and soloist(s) play an intervening unrepeated section (episode); the form includes alternation between full orchestra and soloist(s), and also alternation of the main theme with new material.

2. a group of (generally 4) musical instruments that are basically the same but are of different sizes

3. the vertical structure of music creating chords (identifiable sonic structures), as opposed to the linear structure of music creating melodies

1. Fugue

2. Episode

3. Equal temperament

4. Overtones

1. a type of polyphonic composition or compositional technique based on a principal theme (subject) and melodic lines (counterpart) that imitate the principal theme

2. (1) in a fuguem a section of music in which the fugue subject is absent. (2) the part of concerto grosso form in which the ritornello is absent.

3. a tempered (altered, not naturally occurring) system of pitches based on mathematical equidistance of pitch (not based solely on overtones)

4. higher tones that are part of a lower pitch, sometimes called partials

1. Harpsichord

2. Harmony

3. Melody

4. Organ

1. a forerunner of the modern piano in which the strings were plucked by a mechanism connected to the keyboard; with the exception of the keyboard feature, it is more akin to a lute than to an organ.

2. the chordal part of music; the vertical structure of the sound when more than one pitch sounds together

3. the linear structure of music found in an individual part; the tune

4. a wind/keyboard instrument made up of many metal (and some wood) pipes that are supplied with air from a bellows; the type existed before the Baroque, but in the Baroque the organ became a large build-in instrument and often a focus in the interior design of churches, as well as a staple in church music.

1. Ritornello

2. Tablature

3. Timbre

4. Tutti

1. the repeated, recurring theme of a Baroque concerto (concerto grosso) functioning in a way similar to a refrain

2. a type of musical notation for instrumental music that shows the placement of the fingers on the instrument; a present-day system may be seen on guitar charts

3. the tonal quality of different types of instruments

4. the term means “all” and is used to designate the sections of the concerto grosso that include all of the instruments (the full orchestra)

1. Solo/Solist

2. Standardized Tuning

1. music that has only one person playing or singing the melody; can also be used to indicate that only one person is playing on each part, as in the Vivaldi concerto grosso.

2. the adoption of specific pitch (frequency of sound waves) such as A = 440 Hz

1. Sonata-allegro form

2. Exposition

3. Development

4. Recapitulation

1. standard 1st-movement form: exposition-development-recapitulation

2. first section of sonata form in which contrasting themes are introduced, ending in new key; repeated in most classic-period works

3. part of sonata form between the exposition and recapitulation in which heme or fragments of themes are developed; modulates to various keys; may contain new material

4. the last section of a movement in sonata form that restates the themes of expositions, but this time stays in the original key

1. Symphony

2. Sonata

3. String Quartet

1. multi-movement work for orchestra, emerging in the Classic era. The first movement is in sonata form and the last movement is often in rondo form. The order of the movements of the symphony are arranged Fast, Slow, Minuet/Scherzo, Fast.

2. a multimovement work for a solo instrument that follows the basic structure of the symphony

3. two violins, viola, and cello; multimovement works for these four instruments

1. Orchestra

2. Dynamics

3. Tempo

1. a relatively large ensemble with a full string section; generally includes wind instruments also

2. directions (usually in Italian) for volume (piano, forte, crescendo, diminuendo, etc.)

3. the pace of the underlying beat; how fast or slow the music is played

Themes in Baroque Styled Art

• extravagance

• grandeur

• ornate detail

• dynamic movement

• drama, intense emotion

• curving forms

• light and shadow (chiaroscuro)

Themes in Rococo Styled Art

• a category of late Baroque style

• features white, gilded, and pastel colors

• highly ornate paintings, architecture and decoration

• theatrical, drmatic style

• focus on pleasant scenes (nature, outdoors, etc.)

• forms with asymmetry, scrolling curves, sculpted moldings

• use of trompe-loeil frescoes to create illusions of motion and drama

Themes in Neoclassicism Art

• Age of Enlightenment focused on the mind (vs. Baroque which was emotions)

• time of Revolutions (American/French/Industrial)

• Spirit of Questioning - science, church, philosophy

• New discoveries at Pompeii/Herculaneum

• fascination with ancient Greece and Rome

• Elgin Marbles (relief sculptures from Parthenon) brought to England

• “Grand Tour” (upper classes traveled to Italy and Greece)

• Published works about ancient Greek and Roman art/culture were best-sellers