Psych Term 1 exam

William James

Founder of american pyschology

studied how the mind works

Developmental Psychologists

study how people change as they grow

BF Skinner

Pyschologist who studied behavior and the mind

Behaviorism

study of observable behavior

Sudden insight

suddenly figuring out how to solve a problem

Wundt

started the first psychology lab

Sigmund Freud

Developed psychoanalysis; focused on the unconscious mind

clinical psychologists

Help people with mental and emotional problems

Applied Research

Research used to solve real life problems

Biological Psychology

studies how the brain and body affects behavior

Visual Cortex

Brain areas that process what you see

Hormones

Chemicals that control things in the body

Peripheral nervous system

nerves outside the brain and spinal cord

Studying the brain

learning how the brain affects behavior

Brainstem

controls basic things like breathing and heartbeat

Hypothalamus

controls hunger, thirst, temperature, and hormones

Neurotransmitters

chemicals that send messages between brain cells

Peripheral & Central Nervous System

The CNS is brain/spinal cord; PNS is the other nerves

CAT scan

creates pictures of the brain

Id

wants what feels good right away

Superego

your sense of right and wrong

Rationalization

making excuses to explain your behavior

Displacement

Taking your feelings out on someone else

Oral Stage

Freud’s first stage; babies focus on the mouth

Big Five Factor

Five main personality traits

Abraham Maslow

created the hierarchy of needs

Alfred Adler

Believed people are motivated to improve themself

Humanistic

Focuses on personal growth and reaching your potential

Surface Trait

a trait that can be easily seen or noticed

Retrieval

Getting information for a short time

Short-term memory

holds information for a short time

semantic

memory for facts and meanings

Mnemonic device

a trick that helps you remember something

Stages of memory

sensory > short term > long term

Chunking

grouping information to remember it easier

Flashbulb memory

A very clear memory of an important event

State dependent memory

remembering something better when your in the same state as when you learned it

Recency effect

Remembering the last things you heard best

Episodic

memory of personal experiences/events

IQ

a score that measures certain types of intelligence

Savant syndrome

someone has an amazing ability in one area

Emotional intelligence

understanding and managing emotions

Validity

whether a test actually measures what it should

Practical Intelligence

ability to solve everyday problems

Negative impacts on IQ

things like poor nutrition or lack of education can hurt performance

Alfred Binet

Created one of the first intelligence tests

Standardization in testing

Giving a test the same way to everyone

Mild disability

a small difficulty with intellectual functioning or daily skills

Soloman Asch’s study

showed that people may go along with a group even when its wrong

Social Norms

unwritten rules about how people should act

Stanley Milgram’s study

studied how people obey authority

Bystander effect

people are less likely to help others are around

Soloman Asch

Physchologist who studied conformity

Violence

using physical force to hurt someone

Observational Learning

learning by watching others

social loafing

putting in less effort when working in a group

social exchange theory

people consider rewards and costs in relationships

injunctive norms

rules about what people think you should do