normal kidney purpose and function

-Maintenance of fluid & solute balance

-Maintenance of certain metabol functions

categories of normal kidney funciton

-~95% water, 5% contains urea, creatinine,Na,K,PO4, other solutes

urine composition

glomerulus and nephron

what kidney structures determine urine concentration

glomerular filtration rate

rate at which glomerulus decide what and how much to include as the beginning of urine

125ml/min

normal GFR of plasma

accumulation of waste and water, therefore decreasedd urine output

what does a reduced GFR indicate

creatinine & urea nitrogen

example of important solutes that should be ecreted appropriately into urine

angiotensin II, aldosterone, ADH, natriuretic peptide

substances that affect kidney function

sensed by kidneys à renin secreted by JGA —> angiotensin secreted —> stimulates vasoconstriction to retain H2O

fluid defecit sensed by kidneys

BNP & ANP secreted by heart travel to renal tubes —> triggered to excrete more water into urine

fluid overload reaction in kidnye

activating vitamin D

how do the kidneys regulate calcium

increasing or decreasing renin to increase/decrease vasal constriction

how do the kidneys regulate BP

-Contorl erythropoietin whcihhelps w/ RBC creation and growth

how do the kidneys promote stable hematological status