Diploma of Nursing: Physical Health Status KBA 3

Immune system, Lymphatic system, special senses and the Nervous system

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Dendrites

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Nucleus

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Soma

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Myelin Sheath

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Axon

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Node of Ranvier

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Axon terminals

Part of neuron the receives the message

Dendrites

The nucleus is in the..

Soma

The long part that carries impulses away from the cell body is the…

Axon

The gap between neurons is the..

Synapse

what is CVA and the symptoms

Cerebrovascular accident (stroke) is where the blood supply to the brain is interrupted or a blood vessel has burst leaving the brain with no oxygen which leads to brain damage

Symptoms include, facial drooping, impaired vision/speech, dizziness

Describe Dementia

A condition that affects the brain and causes a decrease in memory, thinking, communication and the ability to perform adls

How do the neurological and cardiovascular system interact

Neuro controls HR and BP by sending signals to the heart and blood vessels, the CV system supplies the brain and nerves oxygen and nutrients through the blood allowing them to function properly

Vision

Eyes- detects colour, light, shapes and movement so that we can see

Hearing

Ears- detects sounds and allows us to hear

balance

inner ear- maintains balance, awareness of head positioning and posture

smell

nose-detects odours in the air

taste

tongue (tastebuds) detects flavours such as sweet, sour, salty and bitter

how does special systems interact with the neurological system

Senses detects info such as sight, taste, smell, sound and balance and sends that info to the brain through nerves, the neurological system processes this information and allows the body to respond appropriately

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Pineal gland

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Thyroid gland

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adrenal glands

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ovaries

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testes

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pancreas

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thymus gland

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parathyroid gland

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pituitary gland

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hypothalamus

Pituitary gland

controls growth and regulates other glands-growth hormone and prolactin

Thyroid

Regulates metabolism, energy use and body temperature-thyroxine, triiodothyronine and calcitonin

adrenal glands

helps the body respond to stress and regulates BP- adrenaline, cortisol and aldosterone

pancreas

regulates BGL- insulin and glucagon

ovaries

supports female reproductive system and regulates the menstrual cycle- oestrogen and progesterone

explain and the endocrine and the digestive system interact

the digestive system breaks down carbs from food into glucose and the the endocrine regulates BGL using insulin and glucagon to maintain a normal BGL

Lymph

lymph is a clear fluid that contains WBC and helps the body fight of infections, It forms when excess fluid leaks out of the blood capillaries into the surrounding tissues, when the fluid reaches the lymphatic vessels it becomes lymph

main purpose of the immune system

the protect the body against infection and diseases

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tonsils and adenoids

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thymus

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axillary nodes

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spleen

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peyter’s patches

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appendix

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bone marrow

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inguinal nodes

two functions of the lymphatic system

fluid balance and immune defence

how does the lymphatic and cardiovascular system interact

the LS collects excess fluid from body tissues and returns it to the blood stream, helping maintain fluid balance. it works with the CVS to support blood circulation and prevent fluid build up in the tissues

WBC types

Neutrophils

Lymphocytes

monocytes

basophils

eosinophils

difference between specific and non-specific defence mechanisms

NS- bodies first line of defence against all pathogens

SD- targets particular pathogens using the immune system

role of B cells

produces antibodies that recognise and help destroy specific pathogens, some B-cells become memory cells allowing the immune system to respond faster if the same pathogen enters the body again r

role of t cells

help coordinate the immune response and destroy infected or abnormal cells, some t-cells become memory cells

antibodies

antibodies are proteins produced by B-cells that recognise and bind to specific antigens on pathogens, they help the immune system to destroy pathogens and prevent infections from spreading

ovaries

Produces eggs and releases the hormones oestrogen and progesterone which regulates the menstrual cycle and supports pregnancy

uterus

A muscular organ where a fertilised egg is implanted and develops into a baby during pregnancy, its muscles contracts during childbirth to help push the baby out

testes

Produce sperm and testosterone which supports sperm production and male reproductive development

prostate

Produces fluid that forms part of semen and helps protect and support sperm

vagina

A muscular canal that connects the cervix to the outside of the body, it allows menstrual blood to leave the body, receives the penis during intercourse and acts as the birth canal during childbirth

penis

Transfers semen to the female reproductive tract during intercourse and allows urine to leave the body through the urethra

main stages of a period

Menstruation- the uterus sheds its lining, causing blood and tissue to leave the body through the vagina

Follicular phase- a follicle in the ovary develops an egg, while the uterine lignin begins to thicken in preparation for possible pregnancy

Ovulation- the ovary releases a mature egg which travels to the fallopian tube

Luteal phase- the uterine lining is maintained in preparation for pregnancy, if fertilisation does not occur, hormone levels drop and the cycle begins again with menstruation

how can emotional factors affect physical health and identify 2 systems that can be affected

Mental and emotional factors such as stress, anxiety and depression can affect physical health by causing changes in hormone levels, sleep, appetite and energy levels

Cardiovascular- stress and anxiety can increase HR and BP

Immune system- long-term stress can weaken immune responses making the body more vulnerable to infections