Benzene reactions

What happens when benzene reacts with Br₂/FeBr₃ or Cl₂/FeCl₃ ? What kind of reaction is this?

• Bromo/Chlorobenzene is formed, an H on benzene is replaced by a halogen

• the by-product is HCl or HBr

• an EAS reaction

What happens when benzene reacts with HNO₃/H₂SO₄ ? What kind of reaction is this?

• Nitrobenzene is formed, an H on benzene is replaced by a nitro group

• the by-product is H₂O

• an EAS reaction, specifically nitration

What happens when benzene reacts with SO₃/H₂SO₄ ? What kind of reaction is this?

• Benzene sulfonic acid is formed, an H on benzene is replaced by a sulfonyl group (-SO3H)

• the by-product is H2O

• an EAS reaction, specifically sulfonation

What happens when benzene reacts with AlCl₃ and an alkyl chloride? What kind of reaction is this?

• Alkylbenzene is formed, an H on benzene is replaced by an alkyl group

• the by-product is HCl

• an EAS reaction, specifically friedel-crafts alkylation

What happens when an alkyl benzene reacts with KMnO₄? What kind of reaction is this?

• Benzoic acid is formed, converting the alkyl group to a carboxyl group

• the reaction is a oxidative cleavage and involves the oxidation of the alkyl chain.

What happens when benzene reacts with H₂/Pd and pressure/heat? What kind of reaction is this?

• Cyclohexane is formed, as the benzene ring is saturated by hydrogen addition.

• The reaction is a reduction process, hydrogenation