PUB #2

Inequality

measurable difference in health outcomes between individuals or groups

ex. white infant got lower deaths than black

Inequity

A difference in health that is avoidable, unfair, and unjust often caused by unequal access to resources or opportunities

different mortality within countries

Public health relates to other social science disciplines?

For studying human society, social relationships, and individual behavior within groups

Cultural competency in public health practice?

Being aware of certain treatments, stereotypes, and different beliefs

How does culture influence health?

Roles within families, holidays, roles within diets, spirituality, communication, and stigmas within a race

Different social systems that can shape health and examples

Family and household - affect things like stress and emotional stability

Education - the system and the opportunities they will receive

Food systems - food prices, food availability, and nutrition and how that shapes health

Socioeconomic status impact health?

Affected health because it has everything to do with income, wealth, education, employment, power status, etc

Stages of Change model

Pre-contemplation - No awarness

Contemplation - Awareness

Preparation - Begin planning and are committed

Action - Implemented

Maintenance - Maintaining that behavior change

Termination - Failure to change

Health Belief model

Having something that you belief in that affects your health

Planned Behavior Work and the limitations

Studies, beliefs, intentions, predicting behavior

Those behaviors can stop and not be put in real world

Nudges

A subtle change in the choice of an environment that steers behavior without removing options or changing incentives

Sending an appointment reminder

Sludge

Friction, complexity, or administration burden that makes an action unnecessary difficult

Creating confusing steps for preventive care

Shove

A stronger invention that restricts choices or uses substantial regulation or compulsion

Prohibiting smoking indoors

Product

Behavior, service, or benefit being offered

Getting vaccinated

Price

financially, time, physiologically, and social cost

Reduced waiting time

Place

Where and how the behavior or service is available

Mobile clinics

Promotion

The target audience learns about and encourages to act

Posters and social media

Precede Framework

Phase 1 - Social assessment (quality of life)

Phase 2 - Epidemiological assessment (health)

Phase 3 - Behavioral and Environmental (lifestyle, environment )

Phase 4 - Educational and Ecological (Predisposed, Reinforcing, Enabling)

Phase 5 - Administrative policy (health services, education, promotion, and regulation)

Big picture goals in public health

health issues and how to prevent them

public awareness of certain areas

policies and conditions for public

Some various roles of PUBH?

Epidemiologists

Infection prevention specialists 

Behavioral scientists 

Biostatisticians 

Health communication specialists 

Laboratory scientists 

Public health nurses 

NERD and symptoms

NERD is a checker for respiratory disease

Needs basic cold like symptoms to follow

Health literacy and its affect on health

Ability to find, understand, evaluate, and use health information to make decisions

things like in the public screenings for health issues and free vaccines

Licensure

Legal permission from government to practice in profession

Certification

Recognition that a person meets specified professional standards

Accreditation

Formal recognition that an educational program meets established standards

An organization follows all the rules

Credentialing

The broader process of verifying qualifications, education, training, experience, and creds

A hospital verifying clients qualifications

Why does someone go to public health and highest degree?

DrPH

helping the community and good money

Incomplete Information

Information that leaves out relevant details and context (accidental or intentional)

social media reports

Misinformation

Inaccurate information that people beleive

Disinformation

False or misleading info deliberately to create or share manipulation

Self Report

Helps to monitor people or events through views

Surveys

Sentinel Monitoring

Early warnings for emerging threats/diseases

Syndromes Surveillance

detects epidemics

Vital Statistics

Official records of life (birth and death)

YPLL

Years of Potential Life Lost

(reference age - age of death)

HALE

Health- adjusted life expectancy

the average number of years a person can expect to live on full health

DALY

Disability-adjusted life years

Measuring how many years are lost compared to someone with full health

Difference between HALE and DALY

HALE is measuring healthy life and health populations while DALY is measuring the years left of someone lacking that normal health aspect

Dread Effect

Visualizing something we will be more afraid of it

More risk taking vs. less risk taking

M - would be peers, social media, stress

L - supportive norms , confidence , planning

SUCCES stand for?

Simplicity

Unexpected

Concreteness

Credibility

Emotions

Stories

When is SUCCES used?

Campaigns and policy for public health

like PSA

Law

legally binding rules to government

Gives gov the authority to set drinking water standards

Policy

A plan, rule, or course of action guiding a decision

Establishes a strategy for monitoring and improving

Ethical Codes

Professional principles guiding responsible conduct

Officials communicate risks and protect populations

Agency

An organization authorized to perform specific functions

CDC protecting population from lead in water

What does FDA stand for ?

Food and Drug Administration

What does FDA do?

Regulates many products that affect health related to food, vaccines, and drugs

Also medical devices and cosmetics

What does EPA stand for?

Environmental Protection Agency

What does EPA do?

Protects human health and environment by enforcing laws

REMEMBER

look up historical events shaping ethics

Also “Right to care”

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