OLENG01 - Purposive Communication Reviewer

Comprehensive Question and Answer flashcards covering Chapters 1 to 4 of Purposive Communication (OLENG01).

What is the definition of communication as stated in Chapter 1?

Communication is a dynamic process that involves the sharing of meaning through verbal and non-verbal means.

Why is communication described as a process?

Because it involves sequential steps (sender → message → receiver → feedback) and is ongoing rather than static.

What are the seven main elements of communication?

The seven elements are sender, message, channel, receiver, feedback, noise, and context.

What is the function of the sender in the communication process?

The sender is the originator of the message who thinks of an idea to communicate (encoding).

What is noise in communication, and what forms can it take?

Noise is anything that disrupts the communication process. It can be physical (loud sounds), psychological (stress), or semantic (confusing words).

What basic communication model components are shown in this diagram?

The diagram shows the communication flow between a Sender (encoding) and Receiver (decoding) using a Channel for the Message and Feedback, with Noise interfering.

What percentage of communication is non-verbal?

$80\text{--}90\%$ of communication is non-verbal.

What are the key characteristics of the Linear Model of communication?

It is a one-way process (Sender → Message → Receiver) best suited for informational settings that assumes a passive receiver.

How does the Interactive Model of communication differ from the Linear Model?

It is a two-way process that includes a feedback loop acknowledging the receiver's response, allowing for possible delays in replies.

What characterizes the Transactional Model of communication?

It is a two-way process with simultaneous exchange where both sender and receiver play active roles, exchanging roles simultaneously while accounting for non-verbal cues, environment, and social roles.

What are the five major functions of communication?

1. Regulation/Control
2. Social Interaction
3. Motivation
4. Information
5. Emotional Expression

What function of communication is demonstrated when an authority figure sets rules or directives?

Regulation and Control, which establishes order and manages behavior.

Who created the Shannon–Weaver Model of communication in $1948$?

Claude Shannon (a mathematician) and Warren Weaver (a scientist).

What system was the Shannon–Weaver Model originally designed to explain?

It was originally designed to explain how information travels in a telephone system before being adapted to human communication.

Who introduced Speech Act Theory in the lectures "How to Do Things with Words" ($1962$)?

J.L. Austin (and later expanded by John Searle).

What is the core premise of Speech Act Theory regarding language?

Language is not merely a vehicle for stating facts or describing reality; when we speak, we are performing actions.

What is a Locutionary Act?

The act of producing a meaningful utterance, focusing on the literal or surface meaning of the words, grammar, vocabulary, and sentence structure.

What is an Illocutionary Act?

The intended meaning or communicative function behind the words—what the speaker aims to accomplish by saying them (e.g., ordering, requesting, promising).

What is a Perlocutionary Act?

The actual effect or outcome the utterance has on the listener, whether it changes their thoughts, emotions, or actions.

Which three speech acts are illustrated in this diagram?

The diagram illustrates Locutionary speech acts ("Nice desk!" / "Thanks!"), Illocutionary speech act (compliment), and Perlocutionary speech act (jealousy / "She probably wants one, too…").

How is the Locutionary Act connected to the Shannon–Weaver Model?

It corresponds to the encoded message in its most basic form before interpretation.

How is the Perlocutionary Act connected to the Shannon–Weaver Model?

It is reflected in feedback, letting the sender know if the intended effect was achieved.

What are the five major contexts of communication?

1. Intrapersonal Communication
2. Interpersonal Communication
3. Group Communication
4. Public Communication
5. Mass Communication

How is Intrapersonal Communication defined?

The internal dialogue that occurs within an individual, including self-reflection, internal reasoning, decision-making, evaluation of experiences, and emotional responses.

What six types or activities belong to Intrapersonal Communication?

Self-Reflection, Internal Dialogue, Daydreaming, Self-Affirmation, Mental Rehearsal, and Emotional Processing.

How is Interpersonal Communication defined?

A direct, face-to-face or mediated exchange of messages between two individuals, involving words, tone, facial expressions, body language, and silence.

What defines Group Communication?

Group communication occurs when three or more individuals interact to achieve a shared goal.

What defines Public Communication?

An individual speaking to a live audience with the goal of informing, persuading, or entertaining.

What defines Mass Communication?

The dissemination of information to large, diverse, and widely dispersed audiences using media such as television, newspapers, websites, and social media platforms.

According to Chapter 3's Comparative Summary Table, how do Interpersonal and Group Communication differ in participants and main purpose?

Interpersonal involves two people for relationship-building, whereas Group involves $3+$ people for collaboration and problem-solving.

How is culture defined in Chapter 4?

Culture refers to the shared beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of a group.

What is Intercultural Competence?

The ability to interact effectively and appropriately with people from different cultures by showing respect, adaptability, and empathy.

What three dimensions form the Intercultural Competence triangle in Chapter 4?

Communicative Dimension (Action), Affective Dimension (Attitude), and Cognitive Dimension (Knowledge).

What are the four key components of Intercultural Competence?

1. Cultural Awareness
2. Cultural Knowledge
3. Communication Skills
4. Open-mindedness

What are the five common barriers to intercultural communication listed in Chapter 4?

1. Stereotyping
2. Prejudice
3. Language Differences
4. Ethnocentrism
5. Cultural Shock

What is Ethnocentrism?

Believing one's culture is superior to others.

What concept is represented in this summary infographic?

Top Barriers to Intercultural Communication, including Language Differences, Cultural Stereotypes & Prejudices, Nonverbal Misinterpretations, High-Context vs Low-Context Styles, Emotional Barriers, and Technological & Time Zone Challenges.