importnace of water in transport systems

what medium does metabolic reactions take place in cells

water ( all substances are transported in it around the body)

what is water composed of

atoms of hydrogen and oxygen

one atom of oxygen combines with two atoms of hydrogen by sharing electrons via covalent bonding

why is water said to be a polar molecule

. this is because The sharing of electrons is uneven between oxygen and hydrogen atom so the oxygen atoms attracts electrons more strongly than the hydrogen atoms resulting in a weak negatively charged region on oxygen atom and a weak positibely charged region on the hydrogen atom, creating a dipole

what causes a separation of charge in the water

due to the electrons in the covalent bonds being unevenly shared, which is called a dipole

what holds water molecules together and results in many of its properties including being liquid at room temperature?

due to the hydrogen bonding formation between positive and negatively charged regions of water molecules as a result of the polar nature of water. hydrogen bonds are weak when they are few numbers so they are constantly breaking and reforming. This is the reason why water molecules flow past each other in a liquid state.

how does the polar/dipole nature water make it good at transporting substances?

what is cohesive and a solvent?

what is cohesion?

The attraction of water molecules to each other

what allows for strong cohesion between water molecules

hydrogen bonds between water molecules

water molecules are also able to hydrogen bond other molecules what is it known as?

adhesion

what allows water to flow easily

The forces of cohesion and adhesion within a body of water as water molecules pull other water molecules along due to cohesion and water adheres to the side of a vessel due to adhesion

why is water a good solvent

it’s a polar molecule

why do many chemicals dissolve easily water?

as water is the polar molecule many ions like sodium and chloride ions and covalently bonded polar substances like glucose will dissolve in it. This is because water As water is a polar molecule it’s partially positive and partially negative regions are attracted to opposite the charge particles . water molecules surround the particles causing ions to separate and become dissolved. They allow solute to move freely and enabling chemical reactions to occur within cells and metabolites to be transported efficiently.

why do ionic substances like sodium chloride dissolve easily in water

The negative chloride ions are attracted to positive ends of water molecules and positive sodium ions are attracted to negative chloride are attracted to positive ends of the water molecules so the chloride and sodium ions become hydrated in aqueous solution and becomes surrounded by water molecules

why did polar molecules dissolve easily in water

The polar grapes for example OH groups and sugars or amine group NH2 in amino acids become surrounded by water and go into solution so Polar substances are said to be hydrophilic “water loving”

do nonpolar substances eg lipids dissolve in water?

no, they are hydrophobic substances because they have no charge regions and water to form attractions with polar water molecules

so then how do lipids transport in the blood?

they combine with proteins to form lipoproteins

what is specific heat capacity?

The energy required to raise a temperature of 1 g of a substance by 1°

why does water high specific heat capacity

A lot of energy is required to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules

why is water high specific heat capacity important?

it prevents rapid temperature changes helping organisms maintain a stable temperature. even when temperature in the surroundings varies considerably

why does water have a relatively high boiling point

A lot of energy require to break hydrogen bonds between water molecules