BIO1A03

Hypothesis

A testable statement that explains something observed, based on a single observation.

Theory

A generalized explanation based on multiple corroborating observations.

Experiment

An investigation that allows researchers to test the effect of a factor on a particular phenomenon that can be measured.

Prediction

A measurable or observable result that must be correct if a hypothesis is valid.

Null Hypothesis

A statement that there is no effect or no difference, used as a default position in hypothesis testing.

Cell Theory

A fundamental concept in biology stating that all living things are made of cells and all cells come from pre-existing cells.

Natural Selection

A process where individuals with favorable traits are more likely to reproduce, leading to evolutionary change.

Fitness

The ability of an individual to produce offspring that survive to reproductive age.

Adaptation

A heritable trait that increases the fitness of an individual in a particular environment.

Microevolution

Small scale evolutionary changes that occur within a population.

Macroevolution

Large scale evolutionary changes that occur at or above the level of species.

Ecosystem

A community of living organisms and their interactions with the environment.

Phenotypic Plasticity

The ability of an organism to change its phenotype in response to environmental changes.

Mutation

A change in the DNA sequence that may lead to variation in traits.

Gene Flow

The transfer of genetic material between populations, which can increase genetic variation.

Genetic Drift

Random changes in allele frequencies that occur in small populations.

Chromosome Theory of Inheritance

The theory stating that genes are located on chromosomes and the behavior of chromosomes during reproduction explains how traits are inherited.

Central Dogma of Molecular Biology

The process by which genetic information flows from DNA to RNA to protein.