Professionalism / Accountability / Standards (8-10)

What are the characteristics of a profession?

Intellectual work with individual responsibility, a research-based body of knowledge, specialized higher education, strong organization, altruism and service over personal gain, autonomy, and a code of ethics.

What are Kelly's eight criteria of a profession?

Vital service, knowledge base, intellectual activity, higher education, autonomy, altruism, code of ethics, and professional association.

What are Hall's five attributes of a profession?

Professional organization as reference, belief in public service, belief in self-regulation, sense of calling beyond economics, and autonomy.

What are Houle's three steps of professional development?

Mission and foundations → mastery and development → collective identity.

What is the process of professionalization?

Full-time practice → organization and legal protection → standards and education → ethical frameworks.

What are the barriers to nursing professionalization?

Multiple entry routes, gender-related devaluation, religious/military hierarchy and obedience, nursing–medicine conflict, and internal disagreements.

What is collegiality in nursing?

A supportive, cooperative environment involving mentoring, sharing knowledge, constructive feedback, and peer review.

What are the three ANA professional documents?

Nursing's Social Policy Statement; Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice; Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements.

What is the purpose of Nursing's Social Policy Statement?

It describes nursing's contract with society and its authority to practice.

What is the purpose of Nursing: Scope and Standards of Practice?

It describes what nurses do and the competent level of care expected.

What is the third major ANA professional document?

The Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements.

What are the Standards of Practice in nursing?

What nurses do through the nursing process: Assessment, Diagnosis, Outcomes identification, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADOPIE).

What are the Standards of Professional Performance?

How nurses behave: ethics, culturally congruent practice, communication, collaboration, leadership, education, evidence-based practice and research, quality of practice, professional practice evaluation, resource utilization, and environmental health.

What is nursing's social contract?

In exchange for autonomy, self-regulation, and public trust, nursing commits to competent practice, ethical conduct, accountability, and service to society.

To whom is a nurse's primary commitment owed?

Patients and the public, not employers or physicians.

What changes were included in the 2025 Code of Ethics revision according to the notes?

A 10th provision on global health and environment, recognition of racism as a public health crisis, intersectionality, and a connection between self-care and patient care.

What do Provisions 1–5 of the nursing Code of Ethics address?

1: Dignity and compassion; 2: Primary commitment to the patient; 3: Privacy and advocacy; 4: Authority and accountability for practice; 5: Duty to self, including a safe workplace and competence.

What do Provisions 6–10 of the nursing Code of Ethics address?

6: Ethical work environment; 7: Advancing the profession through research, standards, and policy; 8: Collaboration; 9: Social justice; 10: Global and environmental health.

What are the six ethical principles in nursing?

Autonomy, Beneficence, Nonmaleficence, Justice, Fidelity, and Veracity. Mnemonic: "A Big Nurse Just Found Value."

What are the four areas of the ICN Code of Ethics?

Nurses and people, nurses and practice, nurses and the profession, and nurses and global health.

What are the roles of major nursing organizations?

ANA: all RNs; NLN: nursing education; ICN: global nursing; specialty organizations: specific nursing specialties.

What does independent decision-making involve in nursing?

Assessing, analyzing, evaluating risk, and prioritizing.

What is a pitfall in independent nursing decision-making?

Acting prematurely on incomplete information.

What are the two types of critical thinking in nursing?

Creative thinking develops new approaches; reflective thinking involves analyzing your own practice.

What does ADPIE stand for in the nursing process?

Assessment, Diagnosis, Planning, Implementation, and Evaluation.

How do nurses maintain continuing competence?

Through license-renewal continuing education (CEs), certification maintenance, and employer competency checks.

What are the three signs of burnout?

Emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and reduced accomplishment.

Why is self-care important for nurses?

Self-care is a professional necessity.

What are the four areas of nursing advocacy?

Patient, workplace, community, and legislative advocacy.