Dual English 1 Exam

Fluency

The ability to get writing/reading flowing, with momentum and ease

Stamina

The ability to write/reading flowing and “carry on”, independently without stopping, for increasingly longer periods of time

Irony

The contrast between what appears to be true & what is actually true

Verbal Irony

Words spoken or written state the opposite of the speaker or writer’s true meaning

Situational Irony

Events turn out the opposite of what was expected

Dramatic Irony

Facts or events unknown to the character in the story, but known to the audience

Interloper

A person or thing that interludes or interveres, or enters without intuition (ex. Wedding crasher)

Metaphor

Figure of speech denoting an object or idea used in another place to suggest likeness or analogy between them (drowning in money) - Heart of stone, zoo metaphor, time is money

Simile

Figure of speech comparing two unlike things often introduced by “like” or “as” - Different as night and day, stood out like a sore thumb, clear as mud

They’re

A contraction for they are (ex. They’re here!)

Their

Refers to something owned by a group/possession (ex. Their dog is mean)

There

Refers to a place (ex. Put it over there)

Your

Possession (Your food)

You’re

Contraction of you are (ex. You’re cute)

To

Typically used before a noun or verb, and describes a destination, recipient, or action (ex. I sent the files to my boss)

Too

Word used as an alternative to “also” or “as well” (ex. She, too, is vegan)

I

Speaking about yourself in 1st person (ex. I love teaching grammar!)

Eye

Organ of sight (ex. The doctor checked my right eye and tested my vision)

Aye

Expression of assent, often used as an affirmative vote (ex. All in favor say “aye”)

Alot

Not a word

A lot

Someone has a vast number of things (ex. They have a lot of things)

Allot

You want to set aside a certain amount (ex. I had to allot $20 for gas)

Complement

Completed, enhances, or makes something else perfect (ex. Two colors can complement each other)

Compliment

Expression of praise (as a noun), or to praise or express admiration for someone (as a verb); (ex. You can compliment your friend’s new haircut)

Its

A possessive form of the pronoun it, meaning belonging to it (ex. The carrier lost its license)

It’s

A combination of two words (it + is); (ex. It’s going to rain)

Then

Adverb used to situate actions in time (ex. I poured a glass of juice and then sat down to eat)

Than

A conjunction used mainly to make comparisons - like saying one thing was better “than” another (ex. He likes bagels more than I do)

Affect

The act of changing -the verb (ex. That movie affected me greatly)

Effect

The change itself- the noun (ex. That movie had a great effect on me)

Assure

To promise or say with confidence

Insure

To protect against risk by regularly paying an insurance company

Ensure

To make certain

Between

To refer to two (or sometimes more) things that are clearly separated

Among

To refer to things that aren’t clearly separated because they’re part of a group or mass of objects

Into

Indicates movement

In To

Used in a lot of situations because individual words “to” and “in” are frequently used in other parts of a sentence

Lose

A verb that means “to be unable to find, to fail to win (a game, contest, etc.), or to fail to keep or hold

Loose

Adjective that means not tightly fastened/held/attached

Who

Used to identify a living pronoun

Whom

Usually used to describe someone who’s receiving something me. But it can also be used to describe someone on the receiving end of an action

Whose

Used to assign ownership to someone

Who’s

A contraction for “who is”

Dissident (noun)

A person who disagrees

Subordinate (adjective)

Placed in or belonging to a lower order or rank

Admonish (verb)

To caution, advise, or counsel against something

Cohesive (adjective)

Characterized by or causing unity of the group

Fabricate (verb)

To make by art or skill and labor

Inherent (adjective)

Existing in someone or something as a permanent and inseparable element, quality, or attribute

Lax (adjective)

Not strict or severe

Qualitative (adjective)

Pertaining to or concerned with the standards or conditions, the quality of something

Indigenous (adjective)

Originating in and characteristic of a particular region or country

Circumvent (verb)

To go around or bypass

Loquacious (adjective)

Talking or tending to talk much or freely; talkative; babbling

Innocuous (adjective)

Not harmful or injurious; not likely to irritate or offend

Vindicate (Verb)

To clear, as from an accusation or suspicion

Obscure (adjective)

Not clear or plain

Expedite (verb)

To speed up the progress of

Disseminate (verb)

To scatter or spread widely, as with sowing seed

Concurrent (adjective)

Occurring or existing simultaneously or side by side

Fortuitous (adjective)

Happening or produced by chance

Precarious (adjective)

Happening on circumstances beyond one’s control

Meticulous (adjective)

Taking or showing extreme care about minute details

Theme

Central ideas in the novel; the authors meaning for the story

Exposition

The beginning of the story, including the characters and setting

Conflict

The problem that makes the story interesting

Rising Action

The events that build suspense and increase interest in the story

Climax

The point of greatest suspense and intensity; usually near the end of the story

Falling Action

The events that wrap up the story

Resolution

How the story ends and the problem is solved

Symbolism

The art or practice of using symbols (a thing that represents something else) especially by interesting things with a symbolic meaning (ex. Gun, tree, alcohol, wolf)

Imagery

Figurative language that creates a mental image

• uses words to paint an image in your brain

(Ex. Mountains, forests, tree, trunk, farm, town, estate, branch, leaf, wolves eyes, reaching out with the flask of wine)

Mood

The effect produced in the reader

Created by:

• Description (imagery & characterization)

• Dialogue/monologue

• Diction: word choice

• Syntax: word order/sentence structure

Nouns

Person, place, or thing

Proper Noun

Specific name for a particular person, place, or thing (Capitalized)

Common Noun

General word for a person, place, or thing

Verb

Expresses action

Article

Grammatical word used to show if a noun is specific or general

• Ex. A, an, the

Pronouns

A word made to take place of a noun (ex. He, she, them, we, I)

• Special (?): Who, what, which

Adverbs

A word that modified a verb (ex. Quickly, absolutely, sloppily, softly)

• Questions: How? Where? When? Condition? Reason?

Adjective

Describe nouns & verbs (ex. Foggy, pretty, muddy, stinky)

• Answer: What kind? How many? Which one? Used to compare

• Common Endings: -I , -ish, -ary, -ous, -ive

Preposition

Tie a noun or pronoun object to another word in the sentence (prepositional phrase); (ex. To, with, on, of, far beyond, around)

• Establish RELATIVE POSITION

Conjunction

Combining words, phrases, & clauses (For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So)

Interjection

Show excitement or emotion (ex. oh, hell no!, Hurray!)

• Set apart from a sentence by an exclamation point(!) or comma (,)

Tone

Author’s attitude towards the subject or reader