Chapter 6: The Roman Empire

Tiber River

The ________ flooded in 162, destroying crops and killing animals, which led to famine.

Italy

________ and southern Gaul produced huge quantities of wine, which was shipped in large pottery jugs wherever merchant vessels could carry it.

pax Romana

The ________ was also an era of maritime trade, and Roman ships sailed from Egyptian ports to the mouth of the Indus River, where they traded local merchandise and wares imported by the Parthians.

Christianity

________ also began to attract more highly edu­cated individuals, who developed complex theological interpretations of issues that were not clear in scrip­ture.

Nero

Persecutions of Christians, including torture and executions, were organized by governors of Roman provinces and sometimes by the emperor, beginning with ________.

Gauls

Augustus made it a political and religious center, with responsibilities for administering the area and for honoring the gods of both the Romans and ________.

Silk

________ was a major commodity traded from the East to the West, along with other luxury goods.

Praetorians

The ________ murdered Caligula and forced the Senate to ratify their choice of Claudius as emperor.

Terra sigillata

________ often portrayed Greco­Roman gods and heroes, so this pottery spread Mediterranean myths and stories.

religious bond

As a political and ________ between the provinces and Rome, Augustus encouraged the cult of Roma et Augustus (Rome and Augustus) as the guardians of the state and the source of all benefits to society.

Niccolò Machiavelli

The Flavians were succeeded by a line of relatively competent emperors, whom the political philosopher ________ in the sixteenth century termed the "five good emperors- "Nerva, Trajan, Hadrian, Antoninus Pius, and Marcus Aurelius.

Seafood

________ was a favorite item, as the Romans normally ate meat only at festivals.

Ovid

Augustus banished ________ to a city on the Black Sea far from Rome.

Flavians

The ________ carried on Augustuss work in Italy and on the frontiers.

Livys

________ history of Rome, titled simply Ab Urbe Condita (From the founding of the city), began with the legend of Aeneas and ended with the reign of Augustus.

Peace

________ and security opened Britain, Gaul, and the lands of the Danube to settlers from other parts of the Roman Empire.

Serbia

The regions of modern ________, Bulgaria, and Romania in the Balkans fell, and the Romans created a land- based link between the eastern and western Mediterranean.

Galen

________ wrote a huge number of treatises on anatomy and physiology, and became the personal physician of many prominent Romans, in­cluding several emperors.

Hadrian

________ is typical of the emperors of the second century.

Julius Caesar

________ made it a Roman military settlement.

Gospels

The ________ include certain details of Jesuss life, but they were not meant to be biographies.

institution of government

Augustus professionalized the military even more than it had been in the late republic, and made the army a recognized ________.

expansion of trade

The ________ during the pax Romana made the Roman Empire an economic as well as a political force in the provinces.

Virgils masterpiece

________ is the Aeneid, an epic poem that is the Latin equivalent of the Greek Iliad and Odyssey.

Augustus

________ promoted marriage and childbearing through legal changes that released free women and freedwomen (female slaves who had been freed) from male guardianship if they had given birth to a certain number of children.

north­ern Europe

The Romans were the first to build cities in ________, but in the eastern Mediterranean they ruled cities that had existed before Rome itself was even a village.

Gladiatorial combat

________ had begun as a private event during the republic, sponsored by men seeking new ways to honor their ancestors.

Vespasian

________ restored the discipline of the armies.

erotic poetry

Wrote ________ about absent lovers and the joys of seduction, as well as other works about religious festivals and mythology.

rare vintages

Wine was the common drink, and the rich often enjoyed ________ imported from abroad.

term pagan

The ________, derived from a Latin word meaning "rural dweller, "came to refer to those who practiced religions other than Judaism or Christianity.

Marcus Aureliuss son Commodus

________ was strangled by a conspiracy that included his wife, and in 193 five men claimed the throne in quick succession.

brief reign of Vespasians

During the ________ son Titus, Mount Vesuvius in southern Italy erupted, destroying Pompeii and other cities and killing thousands of people.

disposal of sewage

Better ________ was one way that people living in Rome tried to maintain their health, and they also used a range of treatments to stay healthy and cure illness.

Roman poets

________ referred to the gods often and treated mythological themes, but the core subject matter of their work was human, not divine.

military conquest of Judaea

The ________ represented a failure of official Ro­man policy, but it is a good example of the way in which the Romans maintained clear control over their subjects.

Adoption of an heir

________ was a com- mon practice among members of the elite in Rome, who used this method to pass on property to a chosen younger man- often a relative- if they had no sons.

pax Romana

The ________ was enforced by troops who remained on active duty or as reserves in the provinces and on the frontier, ready to respond to any resistance to Roman dominance.

Hadrian

________ built a number of buildings, including the circular Pantheon in Rome and new temples in Athens.

Gaul

Lyons in ________ and later Cologne in Germany became the new centers of the glass­ making industry, and the cities of Gaul were nearly unrivaled in the manufacture of bronze and brass.

pax Romana

Augustus created the ________, the "Roman peace, "which he saw as lasting about two hundred years, until the end of the reign of Marcus Aurelius in 180 c.e.

Gaul

In ________ he founded twelve new towns, and the Roman road system linked new settlements with one another and with Italy.