ANAT - M2: S2: Bones and Cartilage

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the basic composition, classifications, and anatomical structures of long bones based on the lecture notes.

Outer Cortical Layer

The compact bone layer that is hard and strong, forming the outer layer of all bone types.

Inner Cancellous Layer

The spongy bone layer that is porous and sponge-like, forming the inner layer of all bone types.

Medullary Cavity

The inner cavity of the bone where bone marrow is found and where blood cell production occurs.

Flat Bones

Bones characterized by a large surface area used for muscle attachments and organ protection, such as the bones of the skull.

Long Bones

The most common bone type in the body, featuring an elongated cylindrical shaft, longer than wide, and mostly found in the appendicular skeleton (e.g., femur, fingers, and toes).

Short Bones

Bones that are as wide as they are tall, providing stability and some movement, such as wrist and ankle bones.

Irregular Bones

Bones with no specific shape pattern, such as vertebrae.

Epiphysis

Knobby, enlarged regions at the ends of long bones that help form joints and serve as attachment sites for tendons and ligaments.

Metaphysis

The region of a long bone located between the diaphysis and epiphysis.

Diaphysis

The elongated cylindrical shaft of a long bone.

Articular Cartilage

Hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis that lines joint surfaces, reduces friction between joints, and absorbs shock in moveable joints.

Periosteum

A tough sheath of dense irregular connective tissue covering the surface of bone (except areas with articular cartilage) that protects bone, contains blood vessels and nerves, and contains cells that form new bone tissue.

Coronal Sections of the Femur

Diagram showing coronal sections through proximal and distal ends of the femur, highlighting the outer cortical layer (compact bone), inner cancellous layer (spongy bone), and medullary cavity.