Biology Topic 1

Biological Molecules

What is the molecule called which binds onto the enzyme at the active site

The substrate.

What is the bond in which an enzyme is made with.

Primarily made of amino acids bonded with peptide bonds.

What is lowered by the enzyme in a reaction

The activation energy for a reaction

What is made when the substrate and enzyme combine

An enzyme substrate complex (ES Complex)

What is the lock and key method

Theory of the substrate fitting into the enzyme in the same way that a key fits into a lock and only the fitting substrate will be able to bind to the complimentary active site.

What is the induced fit model?

The idea that the substrate not only has to be the right shape to fit the active site but it actually changes shape of the active site as well to perfectly compliment it

Why does maltase not work for breaking down protein

Enzymes have to have a complementary substrate that fits into the active site. If the substrate shape doesn’t match the ES complex wont form

What factors may alter the tertiary structure of an enzyme

pH levels or temperature fluctuations.

What are the two ways that measuring the rate of reaction

How fast the product is made and how fast the substrate is broken down.

How does temperature affect the enzyme activity

Very high heat can cause the reaction to stop as the enzyme is denatured as the many vibrations can break the bonds in the enzyme.

What does too many collisions make the enzyme do

The active site shape changes and substrate can no longer fit.

Is the temp graph a roller coaster or a plateau.

Roller Coaster

What effect does pH have on the enzyme activity

Above and below the optimum pH levels the ions can disrupt the ionic bonds and hydrogen bonds that hold the enzymes structure in place

Is the graph for pH a roller coaster or plateau

Roller coaster

What is the effect of substrate concentration on enzyme activity.

The higher the substrate concentration the faster the reaction. It reaches a saturation point and then there are so many substrate molecules that the enzymes have about as much as they can cope with.

Is the graph for substrate collision a roller coaster or plateau

Plateau

What is the effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity.

The more enzyme molecules there are in a solution the more likely a substrate molecule is to collide with one and form an ES complex. INCREASING CONCENTRATION INCREASES THE RATE OF REACTION.

Is the graph for enzyme concentration a roller coaster or positive

Positive unless substrate amount is limited