PE-The structure and function of the skeletal system

What is the longest bone in the body?

Femur

Which bone protects the brain?

Cranium

Which bone allows us to stand up straight?

Vertebrae

What are the 6 functions of the skeleton?

Protection, posture, mineral storage, movement, red blood cell production, structure/shape/support

What is a description of structure/support/shape?

The skeleton gives the body shape and support enabling us to stand

Give a sporting example of when the skeleton provides support to allow a sporting action to take place (gymnastics)

In gymnastics support and shape enables us to do a handstand by stacking each of our bones on top of each other without injury

What is a description of protection?

Bones can protect body parts from impacts and injury

Give an example of when the skeleton provides protection during a sporting action (rugby)

In rugby protection from our bones helps us to be able to tackle as when tackling you hit the floor hard so protection from our cranium protects our brain and our ribs protect our vital organs from damage

What is a description of movement?

Muscles are attached firmly to bones forming levers to allow for sporting movements. When the muscles contractions they pull on the bone creating movement

A gymnast performs a somersault how does does the skeleton help to allow this sporting action to take place?

The gymnastics vertebrae needs to be able to move so their back can bend to able to do a somersault and rotate easily

What is a description of posture?

The skeleton acts as a framework. Muscles are firmly attached to bones forming out body shape which holds us upright

Describe how the physical benefits of regular exercise can help with posture (horse riding)

In horse riding they need good posture and by regular exercise it strengthens the muscles to keep a steady position

What is a description of mineral storage?

The minerals in your bones serve 2 functions. Minerals transform a spongy bone matrix into a rigid structure and in turn increase density and strength. Your bones function as a mineral storage depot releasing dissolved calcium phosphorus and magnesium into your bloodstream if needed

What is a description of red blood cell production?

The ends of long bones and some other bones including the ribs humerus femur and even vertebrae contain red blood marrow where red blood cells are produced

Describe 1 role of red blood cells during exercise

Transport oxygen around the body to our working muscles

What is a joint?

Where 2 or more bones meet

What is a synovial joint?

Freely moveable joint in which the bones surfaces are covered by cartilage and connected by a fibrous connective tissue capsule lined with synovial fluid

What type of movement is this?

EXTENSION-this is straightening or extending of a limb when the angle of a joint has increased

What type of movement is this?

FLEXION-this is bending or flexing a limb and occurs when the angle of the joint is decreased

What is this type of movement?

ABDUCTION-this sideways movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

What is this type of movement?

ADDUCTION-this is opposite to abduction as the limb moves towards the body

What type of movement is this?

ROTATION-bone turns about it’s longitudinal axis within the joint

What type of movement is this?

CIRCUMDUCTION-continuous circular movement of a limb around a joint, combination of abduction adduction extension flexion and rotation

What type of joint is at the knee elbow and ankle?

Hinge joint

What movement is possible at a hinge joint?

Flexion and extension

What type of joint is at the shoulder and hip?

Ball and socket joint

What movement is possible at a ball and socket joint?

Flexion extension rotation adduction abduction circumduction

What are articulating bones?

Bones that make up the joint

What attaches bone to bone?

Ligaments

What are ligaments made of?

Bands of connective tissue that are tough and resilient

What is the function of ligaments?

Prevent movements that are extreme and help stop dislocation

What is cartilage?

Soft connective tissue

What is the function of cartilage?

Reduces friction and acts as a shock absorber for the joint

How can cartilage be torn?

With a forceful knee movement

What attaches bone to muscles?

Tendons

Give a characteristic of tendons

Strong and a little flexible

What is the function of tendons?

Help transmit power needed to move bones.

How do tendons help cause movement?

When a muscle shortens it pulls on the tendons which pulls on the bones to which the tendons are attached and causes movement

Label the synovial joint

What effects does exercise have on the skeletal system?

Increased bone density meaning they are harder to break-long term adaptation

What is bone density?

Measure of the mineral content within the bone tissue indicating it’s strength and health

What is osteoporosis?

Condition that makes bones weaker more fragile and more likely to fracture

What type of exercise will help increase bone density?

Weight bearing exercise