AH105 New Medical Terminology Ch7 Respiratory System: Key Definitions and Conditions

bronch/o, bronchi/o

bronchial tube, bronchus

laryng/o

larynx, throat

nas/o

nose

ox/i, ox/o, ox/y

oxygen

pharyng/o

throat, pharynx

phon/o

sound, voice

pleur/o

pleura, side of the body

-pnea

breathing

pneum/o, pneumon/o, pneu-

lung, air

pulm/o, pulmon/o

lung

sinus/o

sinus

somn/o

sleep

spir/o

to breathe

thorac/o, -thorax

chest, pleural cavity

trache/o, trachea

windpipe, trachea

anoxia

without oxygen

antitussive

cough medicine, administered to prevent or relieve coughing

cystic fibrosis

A genetic disorder that is present at birth and affects both the respiratory and digestive systems.

dysphonia

difficulty producing speech sounds, usually due to hoarseness

dyspnea

difficult or labored breathing

emphysema

a condition in which the air sacs of the lungs are damaged and enlarged, causing breathlessness.

empyema

accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity

endotracheal intubation

placement of a tube through the mouth into the pharynx, larynx, and trachea to establish an airway

epistaxis

nosebleed

hemoptysis

coughing up blood

hemothorax

a collection of blood in the pleural cavity

hypercapnia

the abnormal buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood

hyperpnea

increase in depth and rate of breathing

hypopnea

shallow or slow respiration

hypoxemia

deficient amount of oxygen in the blood

hypoxia

Low oxygen saturation of the body, not enough oxygen in the blood

laryngitis

inflammation of the larynx, or voice-box, which causes hoarseness, loss of voice and coughing

laryngoscopy

the visual examination of the larynx using a laryngoscope

laryngospasm

spasm of the laryngeal muscles, causing a constriction

mediastinum

area between the lungs containing the heart, aorta, venae cavae, esophagus, and trachea

nebulizer

a machine that administers respiratory medication by creating a "cloud" or mist that is inhaled by the patient

otolaryngologist

A physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of the head and neck.

pertussis

whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis

pharyngitis

inflammation of the pharynx or throat

pleural effusion

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space

pleurisy

an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath

pleurodynia

a sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

pneumoconiosis

abnormal condition of dust in the lungs

pneumonectomy

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

aphonia

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

asbestosis

caused by asbestos particles in the lungs and usually occurs after working with asbestos

asphyxia

deprivation of oxygen for tissue use; suffocation

asthma

A chronic allergic disorder characterized by episodes of severe breathing difficulty, coughing, and wheezing.

atelectasis

collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli

bradypnea

an abnormally slow rate of respiration usually of less than 10 breaths per minute

bronchiectasis

abnormal dilation of the bronchi with accumulation of mucus

bronchodilator

a medication that relaxes and expands the bronchial passages into the lungs

bronchorrhea

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

bronchoscopy

the visual examination of the bronchi using a bronchoscope

bronchospasm

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles that tighten and squeeze the airway shut

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

a disease that results in a gradual loss of lung function

croup

acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, accompanied by barking cough and stridor

cyanosis

a bluish discoloration of the skin resulting from poor circulation or inadequate oxygenation of the blood.

pneumonia

An inflammation of lung tissue, wherer the alveoli in the affected areas fill w/fluid

pneumothorax

air in the pleural cavity caused by a puncture of the lung or chest wall

polysomnography

test to monitor brain waves, muscle tension, eye movement, and oxygen levels in the blood as the patient sleeps

pulmonary edema

accumulation of fluid in the lungs

pulmonologist

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

pulse oximeter

an external monitor placed on the patient's fingertip or earlobe to measure the oxygen saturation level in the blood

pyothorax

pus in the chest cavity

sinusitis

Infection/inflammation of the nasal sinuses

sleep apnea

disorder in which the person stops breathing for nearly half a minute or more

spirometer

an instrument used to measure respiratory volumes

tachypnea

rapid breathing

thoracentesis

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the pleural space

thoracotomy

incision into the chest cavity

tracheostomy

surgical creation of an opening into the trachea through the neck

tracheotomy

incision into the trachea

tuberculosis

A disease caused by bacteria that are transmitted through coughing or sneezing.