Cambridge IGCSE Marine Science (0697) Syllabus

Comprehensive fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering key facts, scientific formulas, definitions, and environmental processes from the Cambridge IGCSE Marine Science (0697) syllabus.

The oceans cover 71% of the Earth's surface and contain __________ of the Earth's water.

97%

The deepest point in the world's oceans is the Mariana Trench, with a maximum depth of approximately __________ metres.

11000

The Earth's core is composed of iron, forming a solid inner core and a __________ outer core.

liquid

The Earth's mantle is made of solid rock that can melt to form a viscous liquid called __________.

magma

According to plate tectonic theory, tectonic plates float on the mantle and move as a result of __________ currents.

convection

The gently sloping, relatively shallow region of the ocean floor extending from the coast of a continent is the continental __________.

shelf

A large system of circular oceanic currents is called a __________.

gyre

Salinity represents the concentration of dissolved salts in water and is typically measured in units of parts per thousand, abbreviated as __________.

ppt

Compared to typical ocean salinity, the __________ Sea has a low salinity, whereas the Red Sea has a high salinity.

Baltic

An increase in water temperature causes the solubility of gases such as oxygen and carbon dioxide to __________.

reduce

Density is calculated using the formula: $\text{density} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}}$.

$$\text{volume}$$

In the open-ocean ecosystem, the twilight zone extends between a depth of 200 m and __________ m.

1000

The open-ocean zone extending below 1000 m depth is called the __________ zone.

midnight

Wind-driven movement that causes cold, nutrient-rich water to rise from the deep ocean to the surface is known as __________.

upwelling

El Niño conditions develop following the reduction or reversal of the __________ winds.

trade

The three domains used to classify all living organisms are Archaea, Bacteria, and __________.

Eukarya

Under the binomial system, an organism's scientific name consists of two parts indicating its __________ and species.

genus

In bony fish, the gill cover that protects the gas exchange surface is known as the __________.

operculum

The specialized sense organ that enables fish to detect vibrations in the surrounding water is the __________ line.

lateral

Organisms classified within the phylum Cnidaria are characterized by having __________ symmetry and tentacles equipped with stinging cells.

radial

Echinoderms are characterized by possessing spiny skin, tube feet, and __________ symmetry.

pentaradial

In seagrass plants, horizontal underground stems that anchor plants and allow asexual reproduction are called __________.

rhizomes

The base structure that anchors kelp securely to a hard substrate is called the __________.

holdfast

Diatoms are single-celled photosynthetic protoctists characterized by having a cell wall or skeleton made of __________.

silica

In the life cycle of the leatherback turtle, the sex of the developing offspring is determined by the __________ of incubation.

temperature

A coral polyp reproduces asexually when an adult polyp produces an identical daughter polyp by the process of __________.

budding

The presence of starch in a food sample is detected using __________ solution.

iodine

The presence of protein in a biological sample is confirmed using __________ solution.

biuret

The mineral element essential for the synthesis of chlorophyll in photosynthetic organisms is __________.

magnesium

The mineral element required to synthesize haemoglobin in vertebrates and select invertebrates is __________.

iron

The word equation for aerobic respiration is: $\text{oxygen} + \text{glucose} \rightarrow \text{carbon dioxide} + \text{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}$.

$$\text{water}$$

The word equation for photosynthesis is: $\text{carbon dioxide} + \text{water} \rightarrow \text{glucose} + \text{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}$.

$$\text{oxygen}$$

In ecology, the total dry mass of living organic matter at a given trophic level is known as __________.

biomass

All the populations of different species coexisting and interacting within the same habitat form a __________.

community

Mangrove trees survive in waterlogged, anoxic sediment by growing specialized aerial roots called __________.

pneumatophores

The banded archerfish can knock insect prey down into the water by spitting a concentrated jet of water up to __________ cm.

150

Reef-building corals maintain a mutualistic symbiotic relationship with photosynthetic microorganisms known as __________.

zooxanthellae

To reduce the risk of catastrophic oil leaks following a collision, MARPOL regulations require modern oil tankers to be constructed with __________ hulls.

double

Ocean gyres trap large amounts of non-biodegradable debris, creating massive oceanic accumulations such as the Great __________ Garbage Patch.

Pacific

Excess mineral run-off or untreated sewage can trigger an explosive increase in phytoplankton biomass called an algal __________.

bloom

Global sea levels are rising primarily due to the melting of land-based ice and the __________ expansion of warming sea water.

thermal

In marine fieldwork, water transparency and the depth of light penetration are measured using a __________ disc.

Secchi

The magnification of a drawn biological specimen is calculated using: $\text{magnification} = \frac{\text{image size}}{\text{\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_}}$.

$$\text{actual size}$$

In the Cambridge IGCSE Marine Science qualification, both Paper 1 and Paper 2 each have a duration of 1 hour and __________ minutes.

45