Philippine Politics and Governance - Module 5: Evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance

Vocabulary flashcards covering the key terms, institutions, policies, and concepts of Module 5: Evolution of Philippine Politics and Governance, spanning the pre-Spanish era to the modern republics.

Barangay

A pre-Spanish local community and political unit led by a Rajah or Datu.

Datu / Rajah

The leader of a pre-Spanish barangay.

Maginoos

The council of elders who assisted the Datu in making and implementing rules, judging disputes, and maintaining peace and order.

Governor-General

The highest-ranking official in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period, who represented the Spanish king and issued proclamations to help implement laws.

Alcadia

A Spanish local government unit for provinces fully controlled by Spain, headed by an alcalde mayor.

Corregimiento

A Spanish local government unit for provinces not yet entirely under Spanish control, headed by a corregidor.

Gobernadorcillo

The official who headed towns or pueblos during the Spanish period, handling local governance and tax collection.

Katipunan

A secret society organized by Andres Bonifacio that led the revolution against Spanish rule beginning in 1896, governed centrally by the Supreme Council.

Tejeros Convention

An assembly held on March 22, 1897, where revolutionary officials led by Emilio Aguinaldo as president were elected.

Biak-na-Bato Republic

A revolutionary republic established by Emilio Aguinaldo on November 1, 1897, through the Biak-na-Bato Constitution, aiming to separate from Spain and establish an independent state.

Pact of Biak-na-Bato

A peace agreement concluded in December 1897 that brought an end to the Biak-na-Bato Republic.

Aguinaldo's Dictatorial Government

A government formed on May 24, 1898, whose major achievements included the June 12, 1898 proclamation of Philippine independence in Kawit, Cavite, and the reorganization of local governments.

First Philippine Republic / Malolos Republic

The first Asian democracy established during the Philippine Revolution, based on the Malolos Constitution and inaugurated in 1899 following a Congress convened at Barasoain Church.

Tydings-McDuffie Law

A U.S. law that established a ten-year transition period toward Philippine independence, leading to the creation of the Commonwealth Government.

Commonwealth Government

A transitional government established on November 15, 1935, under the 1935 Constitution, with Manuel L. Quezon as president and Sergio Osmeña as vice president.

Philippine Executive Commission

A body organized by Japanese occupation forces in Manila, chaired by Jorge B. Vargas, that exercised executive and legislative powers subject to the Japanese military commander's approval.

Second Philippine Republic

The Japanese-sponsored republic inaugurated on October 14, 1943, with Jose P. Laurel serving as president.

Presidential Complaint and Action Commission

An agency created under President Ramon Magsaysay tasked with investigating citizens' complaints and recommending appropriate remedies.

Magsaysay Credo

A statement of principles guiding Ramon Magsaysay's leadership and public-service principles.

Filipino First Policy

A policy promoted by the administration of Carlos P. Garcia to increase Filipino participation in the economy.

Austerity Program

A program under Carlos P. Garcia that encouraged hard work, thrift, productive investment, and efficiency.

MAPHILINDO

A regional association formed through the Manila Accord of 1963, of which the Philippines became a founding member under President Diosdado Macapagal.

Martial Law (1972)

Emergency rule declared by Ferdinand E. Marcos in 1972 amid civil unrest, accompanied by the suspension of the Constitution and ruling by decree.

EDSA People Power Revolution

A peaceful mass movement in 1986 that drove Ferdinand E. Marcos from power and led to the installation of Corazon C. Aquino as president.

Decentralization

The transfer or distribution of powers and authority from the central government to local governments.

Local Government Code of 1991

A major legislative reform under President Corazon C. Aquino aimed at decentralizing political power to local government units.

Social Reform Agenda

A program introduced by President Fidel V. Ramos designed to help alleviate poverty.

Daang Matuwid

The anti-corruption slogan and key governance objective of Benigno Simeon 'Noynoy' Aquino III's administration.