Classical Personality Theory: Galenus & Hippocrates

Vocabulary flashcards covering the classical personality theory of Galenus and Hippocrates, including the four bodily humors, temperament structures, strengths, weaknesses, and modern scientific critique.

Hippocrates (460 BC)

The ancient Greek philosopher who introduced the humoral theory, proposing that four bodily fluids (cairan tubuh) influence human constitution and personality.

Galenus (216 AD)

The classical physician and philosopher who expanded on Hippocrates' humoral theory to establish four distinct personality temperaments.

Humor (Cairan Tubuh)

The classical bodily fluids—including Empedu Hitam (Black Bile), Empedu Kuning (Yellow Bile), Lendir (Phleg), and blood/fluid—posited to determine individual personality structure.

Empedu Hitam (Black Bile)

The bodily humor associated in classical theory with the Melankolis temperament.

Empedu Kuning (Yellow Bile)

The bodily humor associated in classical theory with the Koleris temperament.

Lendir (Phleg)

The bodily humor associated in classical theory with the Plegmatis temperament.

Melankolis

A temperament stemming from Empedu Hitam (Black Bile) characterized by being analytical, detail-oriented, a deep thinker (berpikir dalam), perfectionist, and introspective.

Kelebihan Melankolis

The key strengths of the Melankolis personality: disciplined (disiplin), organized (terorganisir), perfectionist (perfeksionis), and loyal (setia).

Kekurangan Melankolis

The key weaknesses of the Melankolis personality: anxious (cemas), overly perfectionist, easily fatigued (lelah), and prone to overthinking.

Koleris

A temperament stemming from Empedu Kuning (Yellow Bile) characterized by being firm/assertive (tegas), energetic/spirited (bersemangat), results-oriented, and a decisive decision-maker (pengambil keputusan).

Kelebihan Koleris

The key strengths of the Koleris personality: leadership qualities (pemimpin), initiative (inisiatif), assertiveness (tegas), and self-confidence (percaya diri).

Kekurangan Koleris

The key weaknesses of the Koleris personality: stubbornness, anger (marah), lack of sensitivity (kurang peka), and very fragile patience (kesabaran setipis tisu).

Plegmatis

A temperament stemming from Lendir (Phleg) characterized by being calm (tenang), relaxed (santai), easygoing (mudah bergaul), and conflict-avoidant (jauhi konflik).

Kelebihan Plegmatis

The key strengths of the Plegmatis personality: calm (tenang), patient (sabar), emotionally stable (stabil), and tolerant (toleran).

Kekurangan Plegmatis

The key weaknesses of the Plegmatis personality: passive (pasif), lacking ambition (kurang ambisi), and indecisive/wavering (plin-plan).

Sanguinis

A temperament stemming from Humor (Cairan Tubuh) characterized by extroversion, high energy (penuh energi), friendliness (ramah), and a love for socializing (suka bergaul).

Kelebihan Sanguinis

The key strengths of the Sanguinis personality: energetic (energik), cheerful (ceria/caria), optimistic, creative, and highly social.

Kekurangan Sanguinis

The key weaknesses of the Sanguinis personality: lack of focus (kurang fokus), disorganization (not organized), and difficulty committing (sulit komitmen).

Critique of Classical Humoral Theory

The philosophical viewpoint is no longer consistent with modern scientific principles and empirical knowledge, tending to be classified as pseudoscience.