CHEM-132 Exam 1 Study Guide: Chapters 1-3 Flashcards

Practice fill-in-the-blank flashcards generated from chapters 1-3 lecture study guide covering matter, atoms, electronic structure, and periodic trends.

Liquid is a state of matter with a fixed volume that __________ of its container.

takes shape

Distillation is used to separate liquids with different __________.

boiling points

Crystallization separates a solid from a solution by evaporating the __________.

solvent

Chromography separates mixture components based on their different affinities for the __________ phase.

stationary

Trailing zeros in a whole number without a decimal point are __________ without a decimal.

ambiguous

For addition and subtraction, the answer must have the same sig figs as the least __________ place.

decimal

The metric prefix nano (n) represents a factor of __________.

$$10^{-9}$$

One pound is equal to __________ grams.

$$453.6\,g$$

Density is an __________ property because it does not depend on the amount of substance present.

intensive

Protons define an element and represent its atomic number, denoted by the letter __________.

$$Z$$

Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same atomic number but different __________ counts.

neutron

Anions are formed when an atom has __________ electrons, giving it a negative charge.

gained

An __________ formula represents the simplest whole-number ratio of atoms in a chemical formula.

empirical

Compounds that have the same molecular formula but different structures are called __________.

isomers

One mole contains Avogadro's number of particles, which is equal to __________.

$$6.022 \times 10^{23}$$

In the Bohr model of hydrogen, the most stable orbit $n = 1$ is known as the __________ state.

ground

In hydrogen emission spectra, transitions ending at $n = 1$ form the __________ series.

Lyman

An angular momentum quantum number value of $l = 2$ corresponds to a __________ orbital.

d

The __________ principle states that no two electrons in an atom can have identical four quantum numbers.

Pauli exclusion

According to Hund's rule, electrons occupy separate orbitals with __________ spins before pairing.

parallel

When removing electrons to form ions, electrons are removed from the highest __________ first.

n

Across a period, atomic size __________ because there are more protons with the same shielding.

decreases

Ionization energy exceptions occur where nitrogen has a higher ionization energy than oxygen because its half-filled __________ subshell is stable.

p

On a Photoelectron Spectroscopy (PES) spectrum, the x-axis measures __________ energy.

binding

Group 1 elements are designated as __________ metals.

alkali