biology chapter 1

Biology Chapter 1

what is the largest living thing on earth? How big is it?

the honey mushroom fungus; covering 1600 footbal fields

what do you call an organism that cannot be seen with the naked eye? How are scientists able to see these organisms?

microorganism, microscope

what 3 kingdom are microscopic? Larger enough?

arachae bacteria protists

fungi plants animals

how can a unicellular organism survive by having only one cell

they have all they need to survive in that one cell

Binary fission?

multiply by dividing

virus? why not living?

collection of genetic material + enclosed in a protein shell (capside). doesnt have 6 characteristics

do all organism only come in 1 size?

no

are unicellular oganisms have all the characteristcs of life?

yes

do unicellular organisms have different characteristics of life than large organisms?

no

a tiny organism that you need to use a microscope to see is called…

microorganism

are all microscopic organisms unicellular?

no

what is the structure that separates the inside of a cell from the outside

cell membrane

do living things have to make a copy of DNA to reproduce

yes

viruses are encased in a protein shell ?

yes

are viruses alive?

no

how is eubacteria classified? what are the 3 types?

by external shape + spiral, round, rod

how is bacteria beneficial to people?

cities use bacteria to break down sewage+ make water clean again

use bacteria to clean up oil spills

what are 3 ways bacteria can cause the symptoms of disease?

1. invade body parts, multiplying

2. poison body w/ chemicals the produce and release dissolving cells

3.poison body w/ chemicals that are part of the bacteria of itself

what are the parts of a bacterium?

cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, dna

is bacteria multi/unicellular?

unicellular

does bacteria have a nucleus?

no

how is bacteria DNA contained within the cell?

in a single loop

why is bacteria more complex than viruses?

bacteria has many internal structures that viruses do not have. bacteria have a cell wall.

what is smaller? A bacteria or non-bacteria cell?

bacteria

what are the 3 types of Archaea bacteria?

methanogens, halophiles, thermophiles

where are halophiles archaea bacteria found?

very salty lakes and ponds

what types of archaa bacteria live in hot springs or cold environments?

Thermophiles

what is the name for organisms that get energy by breaking down material in dead or decaying organisms?

decomposers

what is nitrogen fixation?

converting nitrogen gas into nitrogen compounds that can be used by plant/other organism

what are 2 parts that every virus has?

viruses may come in many shapes and sizes, but all viruses consist of a capsid and genetic material.

why are viruses not considered to be living things?

viruses do not grow, do not respond to changes in their environment. they do not have all characteristics of life

bacteriophage?

a bacteriophage is a “bacteria eater” virus that infects bacteria; this type of virus has been well studied by scientists.

host cell? why do viruses need a host cell?

a host cell is a cell that a virus infects and uses to make copies of itself. viruses need host cells to use the host cell’s machinery/materials to produce the parts of new viruses

5steps bacteriopaage virus goes through when it infects a bacteria cell?

1.attachment- virus attached to the surface of the bacterium/host cell

2.injection- virus injects its DNA into the bacterium/host cell

3.production- viral DNA breaks down the host cell’s DNA and uses the host cell’s machinery to produce the parts of the new virus

4.assembly- viral DNA uses the host cells machinery to assemble new viruses

5.release- the host cell bursts open and new viruses are released that can infect other host cells

why do host cells die after they have been infected bgy a bacteriophage virus?

the host cells burst open and release the 100 or more new viruses

what has a capsid?

viruses

does a virus contain genetic material?

yes

does a virus reproduce itself by binary fission?

no

do viruses make copies of themselves by using the cell machinery of other cells?

yes

are copies of viruses made outside of host cells?

no

Why can you think of protists as "a collection of leftover organisms" (30)? What is the only feature all protists have in common?

its a hodge-podge of nuclide organisms that don’ts fit anywhere else. the only feature that all protists have in common is that their cells have nuclei. they are a collection of leftover organisms because they are nuclei-having organisms that don’t belong to the animal, plant, or fungi kingdoms.

what types of environement do protists live in ?

protistss live-in n water/ any moist environment including freshwater, salt water, and on the forest floor

how does algae and protozoa each obtain energy? describe

algae are producers; they capture sunlight energy and convert it to chemical energy through the process of photosynthesis

protozoa are consumers; the consume other organisms or parts of organisms

how do fungus-like protists obtain energy?

they are decomposers cand absorb/ take in material from the soil or other animals and break the materials down to obtain energy

plankton? phytoplankton? why is phytoplankton important for all living things?

plankton are organisms that drift in water. phytoplankton are plankton that perform photosynthesis- it includes photosynthesizing protists (algae) and bacteria (cyanobacteria). phytoplankton are important because they live in all of the world’s oceans and produce most of the oxygen that animals breathe.

what characteristics do a paramecium and amoeba have in common? how are the way they move and consume food different?

paramecia and amoeba both are unicellular protists that consume other organisms→ both are protozoa/animal-like protists. paramecia swim rapidly with cilia and sweep food and organisms into it’s oral groove. amoeba have flexible cells and ooze along surfaces. they spread out + wrap around the food

are All protists organisms with cells that have a nucleus?

yes

areAll protists single-celled organisms?

no

Prostists can belong to the Kingdom Fungi?

no

Protists can survive in any environment?

no

All protists are producers and convert sunlight into usable

chemical energy?

no

All algae are producers and convert sunlight into usable

chemical energy?

yes

All protozoa are producers and convert sunlight into usable

chemical energy?

no

Slime molds are funguslike protists because they are

decomposers; they absorb and break down materials in thei

environment?

yes

name an example of a protist?

nummulitid, seaweed, euglena, diatoms, slime mold, chylamydomonas, volvox, paramecium, amoeba, water mold, plasmodial slime mold

3 ways energy is obtained by protists?

1.plant-like/producer/algae make their own food form sunglight

2.animal-like/consumer/protozoa consume (eat) other organisms

3.fungus-like/ decomposer absorb nonliving or dead material from their environment and break it down