Learn: Cody Smith MIS test 1

what are the 6 main roles of IS?

- operations managment

- customer interactions

- decision making

- collaborative on teams

- competitive advantage

- individual productivity

what are some functions to deliver goods and services?

- inventory

- accounting

- payroll

what is compliance?

reports that must be filed, audits passed, etc.

what does CRM do?

build and maintain relationships, also includes interactions inside a company

data-driven decision

let what's actually going on in the business drive high-level decisions.

Business intelligence

the process managers SHOULD use to make decisions, drawn from the company's own information systems or external factors

- Combines data gathering, data storage, knowledge management, and analysis

Social networks

- Can actually be used in a business context

- Can also be used to engage customers

Workplace communication software

- Designed specifically for professional communication (Slack, Webex, Teams)

- Allows for real time integration of multiple information channels (IM, threaded forums, apps, wikis, calendar, etc)

Software development

-Allows for software development/storage/testing/deployment from multiple localities

-Github is by far the biggest platform for this

File sharing

the practice of or ability to transmit files from one computer to another over a network or the Internet.

Competitive Advantage

a set of unique features of a company and its products that are perceived by the target market as significant and superior to those of the competition

what are the levels of competitive advantage?

-valuable

-rare

-inimitable

- non- substitutable

what are the four IS components?

-people

-technology

-processes

- data

what are the four components of information value?

-timeliness

-accuracy

-completeness

context

what are porter's 5 competitive forces?

1. threat of new entrants

2. power of buyers

3. power of suppliers

4. threat of substitutes

5. rivalry among existing competitors

what are some external factors that affect the 5 forces?

-disruptive innovations

- government policies

-complementary product and services

-environmental events

complementary products

Companies nowadays try to build platforms/ecosystems so they can see you a host of complementary goods

(think apple ecosystem)

what are the levels of the value chain?

-admin and managment

- HR

- Tech support

-Procurement

what does admin and management do?

bring in raw resources

what does HR do?

make the product of service

what does tech support do?

market the product or service

what does procurement do?

deliver the product of service

what are the primary activities on the value chain?

DM+DL

what are the support activities in the value chain?

overhead

why do you have to consider other companies as a part of your value chain?

Disruption due to policy, new tech, or vertical integration opportunities

what can policy do to the value chain?

can cause your suppliers/buyers to disappear overnight

what can new tech do to the value chain?

allows buyers to substitute your good/service

what does vertical integration do to value chain?

You need to know who supplies you so you can buy them or whose space you want to move into

what are the competitive strategies in business?

-low cost

-product differentiation

-focused niche

-hybrid strategy

low cost strategy

Competing on price by being the lowest-cost producer in the industry.

product differentiation strategy

Offering unique products or services that stand out from competitors.

focused niche strategy

Targeting a specific, narrow market segment with tailored offerings.

hybrid strategy

You're just combining (hopefully) the best of multiple types of strategies.

The Role of IS in Strategy

Enhance operational efficiency: Automate, Support back office, Streamline

Ethics

A system of moral principles that human beings use to judge right and wrong and to develop rules of conduct.

Virtue Ethics

That which makes us a better person is the right thing to do

Influenced Natural Law

Natural law and rights

Certain moral values are universally apparent, inherent in, and applicable to all people and can be discovered using reason

Ten commandments (sort of)

US Declaration of independence, John Locke (Tabula Rasa)

Utilitarianism

actions are ethical or unethical based on their consequences or outcomes.

The needs of the many outweigh the needs of the few.

Ethical perception

People view unethical actions differently when online. For example, they may see cheating, plagiarism, and illegal downloading as more acceptable online.

Intellectual property

intangible assets such as music, written works, software, art, designs, movies, creative ideas, discoveries, inventions, and other expressions of the human mind.

how long does copyright protect authors?

70 years+authors life

how long does a patent protect?

20 years

Trademark

Protects marketing materials, potentially indefinitely

Digital right management (DRM)

technologies that software developers, publishers, media companies, and other IP holders use to control access to their digital content.

what is copyleft?

A play on words of copyright. Popularized by Richard Stallman of the GNU Foundation beginning in the 80s.

The idea of preserving one's copyright of software while using that to ensure free software.

A copyleft license allows anyone to take, modify, sell, or otherwise use code. The code is made publicly available on the internet, which is called open source.

Piracy

the practice of downloading and/or distributing digital content on the internet

Abandonware

Software that is no longer distributed or supported by the copyright owner

Hacking

Accessing information systems in an unauthorized way, often (but not always) for nefarious purposes

Parasitic computing

Accessing/using the computing power of someone else's machine without permission.

what % of Beijing is covered by cameras?

100%

Google Analytics

Full service analytics platform which tracks users across multiple websites

Facebook pixel

Piece of JavaScript code that sits on many websites and tracks your movements for analytics.

what is a proxy server?

a server that caches and filters content

reasons for surveillence:

Addressing concerns like "cyberslacking".

Bossware: Software bosses use to monitor employees

Concern about liability

Need to protect security and confidentiality

Concerns about employees' bogging down corporate servers with personal files

Downsides of Surveillance:

Potential drop in productivity.

Increased stress, absenteeism, and lower productivity among monitored employees.

Should people feel stressed to use the bathroom or take a walk?

Information security (InfoSec)

the protection of an organization's information assets against misuse, disclosure, unauthorized access, or destruction.

Grayware or Potentially Unwanted Programs (PUPs)

Software that isn't strictly illegal but does stuff you don't want

Often comes from software bundles (bundled with something you want)

Malware

Malicious software designed to attack computer systems. This is a general term.

Botnets

Networks of compromised computers controlled by criminal gangs.

Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attacks

Zombie computers (usually in a botnet) flood a site with rapid-fire bogus page requests.

Phishing Attacks (Social Engineering)

Mechanism: Botnets often mask the source of phishing emails.

Trojans

A piece of malware that gets you to install it by pretending to be a legitimate program/executable

Keyloggers

Spyware which logs your keystrokes and sends them to a remote location, revealing your passwords and login information

Virus

A piece of code which inserts itself into an application or operating system and replicates itself upon being run by the user and typically does something harmful

Worm

Like a virus, but it replicates itself without being run by the user.

Rootkit

Malware which inserts itself into a system, usually with administrator privileges. Often found in low level software (like OS).

how many tech projects end in partial or total failure?

66%

what are the phases of the system development life cycle?

1. planning

2. analysis

3. design

4. development

5. testing

6. implementation

7. maintenance

planning-

project should fail here ideally

assessing business needs

analysis-

understand business process/requirements

understand better so you can figure out how the system changes things

design-

This is where we specify technical details to satisfy the RDD/PDD like architectural design

Version control

Keeps track of changes made across different software versions

Project and issue tracking

Intended to keep track of all bugs and work to be done

Code review

Designed to make sure the code being put out by one person is reviewed by someone else to ensure maintainability/readability

Has become more important in the age of AI

waterfall strengths

Requirements are defined long before programming begins. Inspired by engineering/construction methodologies

Requirement changes are limited as the project progresses

waterfall weakness

Must wait a long time before there is "visible" evidence of the new system

Take a long time from start to finish

Requirements may be overlooked at the beginning, and you can't go back to previous phases

rapid application strength

Users get a system to use quickly

Users identify additional needs for later versions based on real experiences with the current version

rapid application weakness

Users faced with using an incomplete system for a time

Users may lose confidence in the software

Users must be patient and wait for a fully-functional system

Maintenance later can be a nightmare if the design changes too much

what are the agile core values

- Individuals and interactions over processes and tools.

- Working software over comprehensive documentation.

- Customer collaboration over contract negotiation.

- Responding to change over following a plan.

scrum

Uses small teams to produce small pieces of deliverable software using sprints, or 30-day intervals, to achieve an appointed goal

agile strength

Fast delivery of results

Works well in projects with undefined or changing requirements

agile weakness

Requires discipline

Significant user involvement is essential

Initial high learning curve

owning

the idea that something belongs to you. You can take it anywhere and use what belongs to you.

Licensing

the idea that something does not belong to you, but you have permission to use it for a given time with requirements

cloud computing

you are using someone else's computer/processing power on a fixed-term license.

SaaS

Software as a Service

distributed computing

The idea that computing resources (including processing power and storage) can be in different locations and pooled together when necessary.

Centralized computing

The idea that computing resources are all in one location (ala mainframe).

what is a mainframe?

a large, expensive, powerful server that can handle hundreds or thousands of connected users simultaneously

what is a server?

a computer dedicated to providing information in response to requests

what is a PC?

personal computer, less powerful than mainframes and servers

peer to peer networl

when there is no hierarchy of machines

ex. home printer connecting to home computer

virtualization

lets you run multiple different systems on the same server hardware.

thin client

Networking system whereby client computers rely on servers to perform their processing tasks. (outsourcing)