Bio Unit 2

Photosynthesis, Light and ATP

1. Be able to recognize a picture/diagram of ATP/ADP. (You will not be asked to draw a picture)

2. How does ATP release energy in the cell? Where does the energy in an ATP molecule come from?

3. Write the chemical equation for the breakdown of ATP.

4. Where is ATP made in the cell?

5. How does light travel? What does it mean to say that light is reflected or absorbed?

6. Explain why chlorophyll appears green to us in terms of what happens to different wavelengths of light that strike a chlorophyll molecule.

7. What molecules in a plant receive sunlight and begin the process of photosynthesis?

8. What does a plant need for photosynthesis to occur?

9. Where does carbon dioxide enter the leaf (name the part).  Be able to identify basic parts of leaf tissue.

10. Be able to identify parts of a plant cell (chloroplasts, nucleus, cell wall, cytoplasm).

11. What plant pigments are involved in photosynthesis? 

12. In what organelle of a plant cell does photosynthesis take place? Be able to identify the parts.

13. How many glucose molecules are made from the six carbon dioxide molecules that enter the cycle?

14. What is NADPH and ATP used for in the calvin cycle?

15. Glucose is a _____________(number) carbon sugar.

16. What two functions does the glucose have that is made in the calvin cycle?

17. Photosynthesis is many transfers of __________ from one form to another. 

18. Where does light initially hit in the light reactions?

19. What are the reactants and products of the light reaction?

20. Where do the light reactions happen?

21. Where do the dark reactions happen?

22. What is the Calvin Cycle? What are the reactants and products of the Calvin Cycle? 

23. How do the light and dark reactions work together?

24. Write out this chemical equation using the chemical symbols.

25. Explain where the oxygen comes from that we breathe.

26. What is an autotroph?

27. What is a heterotroph?

28. What three factors affect the rate of photosynthesis? Explain how each one affects the rate of photosynthesis/ draw a graph of the effect.

29. What does it mean for something to be a limiting factor of photosynthesis?

30. Label the diagram to the right with inputs and outputs.

31. Compare and contrast photosynthesis and cellular respiration. How are they similar? How are they different?

Respiration

1. Be able to identify the parts of an animal cell (nucleus, cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm).

2. Explain why the circulatory system and respiratory system are important for cellular respiration. What happens during exercise and how is it related to the rate of respiration? (Hint: think heart)

3. Draw and label all of the parts of mitochondria. 

4. Label where each part of cellular respiration occurs. 

5. Respiration can occur with and without _________________. When there is oxygen is called ____________ and without it is called__________________.

6. Anaerobic respiration comes in two different forms…what are they? 

   1. In each of these forms, what is pyruvate being turned into? 

7. What is the purpose of producing lactic acid in your muscles when you exercise? 

8. 
   

9. Does glycolysis need oxygen to happen? What is the cause of this evolutionarily? 

10. Pyruvate can move onto the krebs cycle and the ETC can happen only if …. 

11. What is the main purpose of the kreb’s cycle? 

12.  What do the electrons in the ETC provide energy to do? 

13. An H+ gradient must be established in order to do what? 

14. Explain the job of oxygen in the electron transport chain. 

15. If there were no oxygen, no ATP would be made.  Explain the steps involved as to why there would be no ATP made.

16. Explain how the calvin cycle of photosynthesis and the krebs cycle of respiration are different in terms of energy and carbon molecules (glucose, CO2). 

17. Copy out this paragraph and then fill in the blanks: Glycolysis, which occurs in the ___________, involves the breakdown of ____________ to _____________. In the presence of O2, pyruvate is changed into ___________, which enters the Krebs cycle. The most important products of the Krebs’s Cycle are ________ and ____________ which are high energy electron carriers. Their electrons will go to the _____________________. During this next phase, electrons will be transported through the inner membrane proteins until they are accepted by _____________. The movement of these electrons allow _________ to be pumped into the _____________________. This creates a ________________________ which allows the ATP synthase to create ___________ for the cell.

1. What is the overall purpose of respiration? 

2. What kinds of organisms do respiration?

3. What is the reason for breathing during exercise (beyond that you need oxygen)? 

4. Write the chemical formula for respiration. 

1. Respiration can occur with and without _________________. When there is oxygen is called ____________ and without it is called__________________.

2. Anaerobic respiration comes in two different forms…what are they? 

   1. In each of these forms, what is pyruvate being turned into? 

3. What is the purpose of producing lactic acid in your muscles when you exercise? 

4. What is the molecule that needs to be regenerated to continue making ATP through glycolysis? 

1. What is the molecule that needs to be regenerated to continue making ATP through glycolysis? 

2. Under what circumstance would your muscles be producing lactic acid? 

3. What is the purpose of the cristae in the mitochondria? 

4. What part of respiration produces the most ATP? 

5. What type of cell might have more mitochondria: A skin cell or a muscle cell? Explain why.