personality pscyh 2

exam 2

what is the type approach to personality

categorical, different kinds of people, not a matter of degree

what is the myers briggs type

great reliability, forced choice selection, no validity, overall sucks

what is the trait approach

adjectives that describe characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors

what is trait theory

that traits can be used to understand personality

what is trait spectrum

how much of a trait you have within your personality

how do we know its traits > types

because there is a curve within the d ata, it shows there isnt types of people

what are value judgements

the inference of that there are “good” or “bad” traits

what to do if there are too many traits

lexical approach and essential traits

what is the lexical approach

meaningful traits; lots of words, more words = more important traits

what is essential traits

finding the fewest traits the explain the most personality (most important)

what is the big 5

openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

what is openness and its opposite

openness to experience.. closedness

what is conscientiousness and its opposite

being highly organized.. disinhibition

what is extraversion and its opposite

being outgoing, excited, and joyful.. introversion

what is agreeableness and its opposite

friendly, kind… antagonism

what is neuroticism and its opposite

anxious, angry, nervous.. stability

what is situationism

situation and environment determine behavior not personality

what was walter mischels critique

that personality doesnt predict behavior well, so situation must be the real cause (no)

what were the 4 replies to mischels critique

1. too much focus on lab studies

2. you cant look at just one instance of behavior.. aggregating principle

3. small correlations are not meaningless

4. situations does not automatically explain the rest

what is aggregating principle

measuring behavior multiple times, having to look at multiple time points

what is interactionism

situation x behavior

what are the 3 ways personality interacts with situations

selection, evocation, and manipulation

what is selection

selecting your environments

what is evocation

creating new situations based on personality

what is manipulation

modifying/manipulating an on going situation

what are strong vs weak situations

some situations eliminate vs. some situations magnify personality

what is personalility assessment

the professional scientific measure of personality traits

what is personality judgement

it is the day to day reading of peoples first initial personality traits

are personality judgements accurate

correlations between self judgements and other judgements are r = .20-.40 close others are r = .49

how long does an accurate judgment take to make

2 seconds

what are thin slices

brief observations of faces/ behavior

how do we make judgements quickly

the fusiform face area in the occipital lobe for processing faces not objects

what are 4 determints of judgement accuracy

judge, target, trait, and information

what are good judges

assume positive traits, agreeable and consistent

what are bad judges

anxious power oriented, and hostile

what are good targets

transparent iin thoughts and feelings, low in self monitoring, extraverted

what are good traits

what you’re trying to judge (easy traits to judge are ones we can see)

what is good information

want information to come from the trait that is being expressed

what is expectancy effects

having self fulfilling prophecy in personality judgement traits (already assuming traits before knowing and going with what you believe)

what is fundamental attribution error?

judging people for the bad things they do based on their personality and not considering the situation