Properties of Water

Water- Tempurature Regulation

High Specific Heat--> Fastest moving molecules break bonds to "leave" and take energy
Due to hydrogen bonding and difficulty in breaking those IMFs

Water- solvent

Water can act as a solvent for polar substances so it can transport nutrients or waste
Due to polarity

Water- High Specific Heat

Maintain organism's stable internal environment and aquatic habitats during winter
Due to polarity and hydrogen bonds

Water- Density

Water is denser as solid (at 4C) than as a liquid
Due to hydrogen bonds and polarity, hydrogen bonds in solid water hold the molecules further apart than in liquid when it breaks and forms

Water- Cohesion

Attraction to like molecules due to polarity causing H-bonding
Necessary for capillary action and surface tension

Water- Adhesion

Attraction to other polar molecules due to polarity
Necessary for capillary action

Van der Waals

Due to everchanging movement of electrons, high electron dense areas of one electron cloud are attracted to the low electron dense areas of another cloud. Many of these can lead to strong attractions.

States of Matter for Water (what is happening to the H-bonds)

Solid: No energy to make or break, locked lattice due to hydrogen bonds
Liquid: breaking and forming at same time
Gas: breaking due to overload of energy, no hydrogen bonds

Specific Heat

Energy to raise 1g by 1C

Properties of Water

Cohesion and Adhesion, Temp. Modernation, Density, Solvent

Polarity depends on ______

Difference in electronegativity

Nucleus of an atom is made of ____ and ____

protons and neutrons

Ionic Bonds

transfer of electrons between ions, non-metal+metal

Hydrogen bonds

IMF between H (partial positive) and N,O, or F (partial negative) due to electronegativity difference

How to break surface tension

heat

How many water molecules does one water molecule interact with

4 (2 on the 2 unpaired valence on oxygen)

Elements of Life (96%)

CHONP

Covalent Bonds

shared electrons, could be polar or non-polar

electrons

determine reactivity and bonding capabilities, specifically the valance electrons, negative

neutrons

determines atomic mass and isotope, neutral

protons

determines element, positive