Phonetics: Consonants quiz

what is a consonant?

a type of speech sound where air moves through partially or completely closed vocal tract, voiced or voiceless, oral or nasal resonance, vary in sonority. less intensity than vowels, occur in pre inter and postvocalic positions, can be singleton or sequence, a closed sound

how are consonants classified?

PLACE of articulation: where the airstream is constricted by the articulators

MANNER of articulation: how airstream is modified by articulators

voicing: if the vocal folds vibrate or not when sound it produced

what are the cognate pairs?

pairs of sounds that share the same PLACE and MANNER of articulation but differ in voicing (/p b, t d, s z, k g, f v, w hw, eth theta, ezh esh, d-ezh t-esh/)

what MANNERS of speech production are obstruents?

/p, t, flap, k, glottal stop, b, d, g, f, theta, s, esh, h, v, eth, z, ezh, t-esh, d-ezh/ (stop plosives, fricatives, and affricates)

what MANNERS of speech production are approximants?

/l, r, hw, w, j/ (liquids and glides)

what MANNERS of speech production are sonorants?

/m, n, eng, l, r, hw, w, j/ (nasals, liquids, glides)

what is an aspirated consonant?

articulation accompanied by an audible puff of air; occurs during production of stop plosives

when are the /p, t, k/ stop plosives aspirated?

only when they occur as the only consonant of the ONSET of a stressed syllable (hop, tick, kite)

what is a consonant digraph?

when two letters make ONE sound (ch: t-esh, chat (3 phonemes))wha

what is a consonant cluster or sequence?

when two or more consonants are next to each other and make separate sounds (/st/: stay, 3 phonemes)

/p/

voiceless bilabial stop plosive

/t/

voiceless alveolar stop plosive

flap

voiceless alveolar stop plosive

/k/

voiceless velar stop plosive

glottal stop

voiceless glottal stop plosive

/b/

voiced bilabial stop plosive

/d/

voiced alveolar stop plosive

/g/

voiced velar stop plosive (“Gus”)

/f/

voiceless labiodental fricative

theta

voiceless interdental fricative

/s/

voiceless alveolar fricative

esh

voiceless palatal fricative

/h/

voiceless glottal fricative

/v/

voiced labiodental fricative

eth

voiced interdental fricative

/z/

voiced alveolar fricative

ezh

voiced palatal fricative

t-esh

voiceless palatal affricate

d-ezh

voiced palatal affricate

/m/

voiced bilabial nasal

/n/

voiced alveolar nasal

eng

voiced velar nasal

/l/

voiced alveolar liquid

/r/

voiced palatal liquid

/hw/ (inverted “w”)

voiceless bilabial glide

/w/

voiced bilabial glide

/j/

voiced palatal glide

when do you use /z/ or /d/ for plurals or past tense?

if the last sound of the root word is voiced

when do you use /s/ or /t/ for plurals or past tense?

if the last sound in the root word is voiceless