Unit 2 - Chemistry of Life

Number top of periodic table

Atomic number

What is the atomic number

Number of protons

Protons are

Positive

Electrons

Negative

Octet rule

Having 8 electrons in the outer shell makes it more stable

N=1 max

2

N=2

Max 8

N=3

Max 8

Valence electrons are the

Outer one

Six most common elements in living organisms

CHNOPS

Ionic bond

Transfer of electrons

Covalent bond

Shared electrons

Single bond, double bond, triple bond

Sharing two electrons

Sharing 4 electrons

Sharing 6 electrons

Hydrogen bond

Attraction between + hydrogen of one water molecule and the - oxygen of another water molecule

Cohesion

Attraction between the molecules of the same substance

Causes molecules of water on the surface to be drawn inward

Both attract

Adhesion

Attraction between molecules of different substances

1 thing attracted

Capillary action

Adhesion between water and glass cause water to rise

Solutes

Substance that is dissolved

Solvent

Substance that does the dissolving

The polarity of water gives it the ability to dissolve other polar molecules

Hydrophobic

Water fearing substance that will not dissolve in water

Hydrophilic

Water loving substances that dissolve in water

Neutral

Ph 7

Acids

Ph is less than 7

Bases

Ph is greater than 7

4 biomolecules:

Carbs, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids

Monomer of carbohydrate

Monosaccharides

Examples of carbs

Sugar

Starch

Cellulose

Function of carbs

To store and release energy

Structural support and protection

Carbs

Sources of carbs

Animal liver

Plant stems

Fruits grains

Monomer of lipids

Fatty acids

Examples of lipids

Cholesterol

Steroid hormone

Phospholipid

Trygliceridr

Function of lipids

Fats oils and waxes

monomer of protein

Amino acids

Examples of preying

Collagen

Hemoglobin

Sodium ion channel

Glucose transporter in cell membrane

Growth hormone receptor

Function of protein

Enzymes

Structural support

Receptors

Antibodies( growth, transporters

Monomer of nucleic acid

Nucleotides

Examples of nucleic acids

Ribonuclic acids (RNA)

(dna

Function to nucleic acid

Store and transmit hereditary or genetic information

Sources of nucleic acids

Raw foods, blood, body fluids, bone

Lipid

Protein

Nucleic acid

Polymer of carbohydrate

Polysaccharides

Polymer of protein

Polypeptide

Polymer of nucleic acid

Nucleic acid

Type of macromolecule in cholesterol

Lipid

LDL

Brings cholesterol from liver to tissues

HDL

Brings cholesterol from tissues to liver

Carbs elements

CHO

Elements in proteins

CHON

Lipid

CHO

Nucleic acid

CHONP

Hydrolysis

Adding water breaks down the polymer

Dehydration synthesis

Molecules are connected by removing water

A:

Substrate

B

Active site

C

Enzymes

D

products