geography, coasts

isolated systems

have no interactions, inputs or outputs

closed sytems’s

only have inputs and outputs of energy nit matter

open systems

inputs and outputs of energy and matter

explain the dynamic equilibrium with an example of positivce and negative feedback also explained

a state of balance between the inputs and outputs of s systems

positive feedback pulls away from the equilibrium e.g tsunami

negative feedback pulls back to the equilibrium e.g sea wall

in terms of erosion on a coast

constructive waves

strong swash

weak backwash

long wavelength

low waveheight

low frequency

destructive waves

weak swash

strong backwash

short wavelength

high waveheight

high frequency

BFNO

what three factors effect waves and what is the effect and which is perminant

strength of wind, larger wave

persistence, more frequent waves so enhanced effects

fetch, distance waves have to ‘charge’ e.g america to portugal

explain how waves break

circular motion in deep ocean keeps waves at same height

as they teach coast friction on seabed makes motion elliptical (oval)

the top then stays at original speed so topples over

what is wave refraction

Wave refraction is the bending of waves towards shallow water, caused by a change in wave speed due to friction from shallow water

what is bathymetry (underwater mirroring)

essentially how the seabed expands from the mainland to the deep ocean. it plays a key role in wave breakage and refraction

tidal range

distance between LWM and HWM

explain a spring tide

when the sun, moon and earth are in line so create large gravitational pull so largest possible tidal range

explain neap tide

when the moon is perpendicular to the sun and earth so gravitational pulls work against each other causing lowest possible tidal range

classify the different tidal ranges

macrotidal - over 4m

mesotidal - 2-4m

microtidal - under 2m

explain high energy coastline and give 2 examples of landforms from it

an area of coastline with high wind so high rates of erosion, low rates of deposition

bay + headland

explain low energy coastline

low wave energy causing low rates of erosion ands high rates of deposition with constructive waves

spits + bars

describe solution

chemical in water that breaks down rock

state the three types of weathering

physical

chemical

biological

describe and classify freeze thaw weathering

water entering crack of rock, freezing, expanding therefore pressuring the rock

physical

describe and classify salt crsyallisation

salt water entering crack and water dissolving leaving a crystal that expands and pressurises rock

physical

describe exfoliation classify it

surface layers of rock expand in heat and contract in cold causing layers to peel off

physical

describe and classify carbonation

rainwater absorbing co2 creating weak carbonic acid this reacts with calcium carbonate in rocks like limestone

chemical

describe and classify hydrolisis

slightly acidic rainwater reacts with minerals in rocks weakening it by forming clay

chemical

describe and classify oxidation

oxygen in air/water reacts with iron rich minerals in rock causing rust which weakens it

describe and classify plant root and burrowing animals

animals that burrow and growing plants pressurise rocks

biological

describe and classify organic acids

plant decay and soil release acids that chemically breakdown rock

biological