chad bio

Organization, Information ( genetics and heredity), Energy and Matter, Interactions, and Evolution and Adaptation

List the unifying themes of life

number of protons

Atomic number

identity

what does atomic number define

protons + neutrons

mass number = what + what

protons + neutrons

what is a neutral atom

atomic number

protons =

neutrons

mass number - atomic number = what

non polar covalent

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Equal sharing of electrons due to similar electronegativities.

polar covalent

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Unequal sharing of electrons; electronegative atom pulls density.

ionic bond

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Transfer of electron(s) producing attracted Cations(+)

Anions(−).

hydrogen bond

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Attraction between partial positive H (from polar bond) and

electronegative atom (O, N).

Van der Waals

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Fleeting, temporary dipoles caused by asymmetrical electron

distribution.

non polar covalent

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Strong (C–H, O2, H2)

polar covalent

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Strong (H2O, N–H)

ionic bond

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Strong in dry states (NaCl)

hydrogen bond

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Weak individually, strong in numbers (H2O bonds)

Van der Waals

(CHEMICAL BOND TYPES) Very weak interactions

Water molecules stick together via H bonds

Cohesion

clinging to other polar substances

adhesion

1 mole = 6.022 × 10²3 molecules

what is acogadro’s number

versatile solvent

(Emergent Properties of Water) Water's polar nature allows it to form hydration shells around dissolved ionic solutes and polar compounds.

Molar mass

Sum of the atomic masses of all constitutive atoms in a molecular formula (g/mol).

hydroxyl

Polar, forms hydrogen bonds with water; alcohols

-OH

Hydroxyl structure

Carbonyl

Polar; ketones (within carbon chain) and Aldehydes (at chain end).

C = O

Carbonyl structure

carboxyl

Acts as an acid (donates H+); forms carboxylate ions.