Spinal Anatomy-Palmer,Beverage (Exam 3, M_Booms)

THIS IS NOT MY SET THIS IS BY M_Booms on Quizlet!!!!!!!

which lumbar vertebrae are typical

L1-L4

which lumbar vertebra is atypical

L5

describe the superior vertebral notches on the pedicles of the lumbars

slight

describe the inferior vertebral notches on the pedicles of the lumbars

Deep

what is present on the lumbar laminae at the superior and inferior margins

ligamentum flavum

does the lumbar region have shingling of the laminae

no

what allows lumbar region to be a great site for accessing spinal subarachnoid space

lack of shingling, distinct space between each segment, spinal cord ends at L1

what segments are the best site for spinal tap

L3/L4

spinous processes of the lumbar region ___ in length as a result of ___

increase, aging

the touching of adjacent spinous processes is known as

Basstrup's syndrome/kissing spines

where does L3 spinal nerve exit

between L3/L4

what is the shape of the lumbar vertebral foramen

triangular

what is found within L1 vertebral foramen

conus medullaris

what is found in L2-L5 vertebral foramen

cauda equina

The following can be found within what area of a lumbar vertebrae?:

-epidural fat

-nerve roots

Vertebral Foramen

accumulation of fat that can displace/deform the dural sac is known as

lipomatosis

an MRI showing the conus medullaris extending more inferior than normal would represent what syndrome

tethered cord syndrom

tethered cord syndrome causes an infiltration of ___ tissue into the filum terminale or a ___ in the filum terminale

adipose, lipoma

in the lumbar region, the vertebral body and IVD height are ___ anteriorly

greater

what accounts for the lordotic curvature of the lumbar region

IVD height difference, greater anteriorly

What do the following cause in the lumbar spine?:

- increased height of anterior aspect L4 and L5 vertebral bodies

- all lumbar IVDs

Lordotic Curve

Where do the following muscles attach on the lumbar vertebrae?:

-Psoas major

-Psoas minor

Vertebral Body

Where do the following ligaments attach to lumbar vertebrae?:

-A.L.L.

-P.L.L.

-Transforaminal Ligs

-Corporotransverse

-Hofmann

Vertebral Body

anterior hofmann ligaments are also known as

midline hofmann ligaments

midline meningovertebral ligaments

what do anterior hofmann ligaments attach to the dura mater?

-P.L.L.

-Vertebral body to the dura mater

what are other names for posterior hofmann ligaments?

-Posterior menigovertebral lig

-Posterior epidural ligament

what does the posterior hofmann ligament attach to the posterior dura mater?

-Ligamentum flavum

-Lamina

what are other names for lateral hofmann ligaments

-lateral menigovertebral lig

-lateral epidural lig

what do lateral hofmann ligaments attach to the lateral dura mater

-Pedicle

-P.L.L.

-I.V.D.

-lateral ligamentum flavum

lateral root ligaments are connective tissue bands which attach dural root sleeves with inferior ____. They limit __ and __ mobility of nerve roots

pedicles, medial, superior

cervical and upper thoracic spinal canal dural attachments ___ from their dura attachment to the vertebral segment ___ and they resist ___ movement

ascend, above, caudal

lumbar spinal canal dural attachments ___ from their dura attachment to the vertebral segment __ and they resist __ movement during flexion

descend, below, cranial

Aging causes a ______ in lumbar vertebral body height and an ______ in circumference of vertebral body

Decrease; increase

the anterior aspect of the lumbar transverse process is called the

costal element

the transverse processes of the lumbar region ___ in length from L1-L3

increase

what muscles attach to the transverse process of the lumbars

-psoas major

-quadratus lumborum

-logissimus thoracis

-rotator longus, brevis

-intertransversarii

Where do the following ligaments connect to?

-lumbocostal

-intertransverse

-corporotransverse

Lumbar Transverse Process

the accessory processes project posteriorly and inferiorly on the ___ near the ___ junction

TP, lamina-pedicle

what represents the congenital elongation of the accessory process

styloid process

what muscles attach at the accessory process

longissiumus thoracis, medial intertransversarii lumborum muscle

what is the typical orientation of the articular processes of the lumbar region

BUM;FoLD

the superior articular process has a ___ width than the inferior

greater

what is the joint classification of the articular processes

synovial plane

lumbar articular processes have 2 addition ____ centers on each vertebra which develop into the ____ processes

secondary ossification, mammillary

how many total secondary ossification centers are on a typical lumbar

7

Are the following primary or secondary ossification centers of a typical lumbar vertebrae?:

-epiphyseal rims (S/I)

-transverse processses (L/R)

-spinal process

-mammillary process (L/R)

Secondary

mammillary processes are unique to the __ region and project ___ from the superior articular processes

lumbar, posteriorly

Where do the following all attach?:

-multifidus

-intertransverse muscle

-mamillo-accessory ligament

Mammillary Process

Lumbar epidural ligaments attach dura mater to which structure?

Lower Segmental Level

What is the osseous projection near the origin of the lumbar transverse process?

Accessory process

A styloid process is a result of which condition?

Congenital elongation of lumbar accessory process

what is the largest presacral vertebral body

l5

the anterior height is significantly ___ than the posterior height of L5 VB

greater

the vertebral body of L5 appears __ shaped

wedge

the lateral margin of the pedicles on L5 is the origin of the

Transverse Process

what is the shortest lumbar TP

L5

the Transverse process of L5 originate from what areas

-Vertebral Body

-Pedicle

-Pars Interarticularis

the intertransverse ligament at L5 is replaced with what ligaments

-Lumbosacral Ligament

-Iliolumbar Ligament

lumbosacral lig attaches what to the sacral ala?

Transverse Process of L5

iliolumbar lig attaches what to the iliac crest?

Transverse Process of L5

describe the orientation of the articular processes of L5

BUM;FoLD

adult facets on L5 lie in a ___ plane

coronal

the spinous process of L5 is __, ___, and contains a ____

short, rectangular, spinous tubercle

when a spinous process elongates and causes the SP to enter the sacral spinal canal during extension, it is known as ___ syndrome

knife-clasp

spondylosis is a condition of the ___ spondylolysis is a ___ of parts within a vertebra and spondylolisthesis is a ___ and ___ within a vertebra

vertebra, separation, separation, slippage

what are 3 examples of spondylosis

-Osteoarthritis

-Degeneration of the Spine

-Acquired/Age-Related Changes

spondylolysis is a defect of the lamina causing a separation of the ___ which leads to a lack of ___

pars interarticularis, blood supply

spondylolysis has a genetic predisposition of ___-___% of family members and athletes who rapidly ___/___ in the lumbar region

30-70, flex,extend

what vertebrae is the most vulnerable to an acute pars fracture resulting in spondylolysis

L5

L4 inferior articular process and S1 superior articular process have a ___ effect on L5 pars

pincher

spondylolysis can be caused by repetitive ___/___ of the lumbar spine and back pain in athletes who use these motions frequently should raise suspicion of spondylolysis

hyperextension, rotation

on an x-ray of a typical vertebra, a scotty dog should be present, a collared scotty dog signifies a fracture in the ____ thus representing ____

pars interarticularis, spondylolysis

what does the "ear" of the scotty dog represent

Superior Articular Process

what does the "eye" of the scotty dog represent

Pedicle

what does the "nose" of the scotty dog represent

Transverse Process

what does the "neck" of the scotty dog represent

Pars Interarticularis

lumbar spondylolysis is associated with

Bipedal walking

is lumbar spondylolysis found in fetuses/newborns?

no

common in children under 5?

No

What population has this never been observed in?

those who have never walked

it is common to have ___ if a patient has lumbar spondylolysis

spina bifida occulta

lumbar spondylolysis is common in what age range

10-20 years old

In males, lumbar spondylolysis is more common at what level?

L5/S1

In female, lumbar spondylolysis is more common at what level?

L4/L5

some patients with lumbar spondylolysis will have a complete reunion of bony parts via the __ ligament and filling with ___. This area is full of ____

spondylolysis, connective tissue, nociceptors

cervical spondylolysis is ___ and lacks cartilage formation in the ___ causing a failure to unite

congenital, neural arch

cervical spondylolysis is more common in __ at __

males, C6

cervical spondylolysis occurs in conjunction with ___ or ____

spondylolisthesis, spina bifida

sacral spondylolysis is common in the ___ population and most commonly in ___

alaskan, males

Which vertebral morphology bias is present in cervical spondylolysis?

Sex

bilateral spondylolysis commonly develops into

spondylolisthesis

spondylolisthesis is primarily an ___ slippage but may also be __ and is called ____

anterior, posterior, retrospondylolisthesis

L5/S1 spondylolisthesis are associated with an increased ___ kyphosis and ___ slope of S1 bony endlplate

sacral, increased

what are the 5 types of spondylolisthesis

-Traumatic

-Isthmic

-Congenital/Dysplastic

-Degenerative

-Pathological

Type 1 spondylolisthesis is also called ___ and it is associated with a defect in L5 _____

dysplastic/congenital, vertebral arch

spondylolisthesis type 1 has a high correlation with

-Spina Bifida Occulta

-S1 nerve Root Compression

spondylolisthesis type II is also called ___ and it has ___ subtypes

isthmic, 3

What are the 3 subtypes of isthmic spondylolisthesis?

-Lytic/Stress Fracture Induced

-Elongated, but Intact Pars Interarticularis

-Acutely Fractured Pars Interarticularis

lytic/stress-fracture-induced isthmic spondylolisthesis is associated with a ___ defect and is more common in __ at the ___ level

pars, males, L5/S1

spondylolisthesis type III is also known as ___ and is commonly associated with osteoarthritis, IVD disease, and facet remodeling

degenerative