CBE 160 Quiz 1

4 different subunits

Nucleotides, amino acids, fatty acids, sugars

Larger organic molecules of subunit nucleotide

Oligonucleotides & polynucleotide

Macromolecule assembly of nucleotides

DNA, RNA

Larger organic molecules of subunit amino acids

poly-peptide

Macromolecule assembly of amino-acid

Protein

Larger organic molecules of subunit fatty acid

triacylglycerol, phospholipids

Macromolecule assembly of fatty acid

cell membrane

Larger organic molecules of subunit sugars

oligo-saccharides, poly-saccharides

Macromolecule assembly of sugars

glycogen, starch

language of nucleic acids vs proteins

alphabet: GCTA nucleotides vs amino acids

words: codon vs a-helix, b-sheet

sentences: gene = 3×10^4 bp vs around 300 amino acids per protein

non covalent bond interactions characteristics

• weak compared to covalent interactions, often transient

• attractive or repulsive

Types of noncovalent interactions

electrostatic, van der waals, h bond, hydrophobic

3 properties of an amino acid

R-group (changes between the amino acids), carboxylic group, and amino group

What is a zwitterion

What bonding is in the alpha helix?

Every 4th amino acid forms a hydrogen between the C=O & N-H

Parallels beta sheets

Anti-parallel beta-sheet

What are the components of a nucleotide

Base, ribose, and phosphate

Bases in DNA

Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine

Bases in RNA

Uracil, adenine, Guanine, Cytosine,

Which are from purine

Purine - Adenine, Guanine

pyrimidine

Pyrimidine - Uracil, cytosine, thymine

Hydrogen bond acceptors

Without a hydrogen

What bond is between the nucleotide

phosphodiester bonds

Why do C-G pairs require a more negative energy

They have triple bond

Base stacking distance

~3.4 A

What happens to entropy with hydrophobic interactions

increases since water is being released, becoming less organized

Any covalently bonded H atom can participate in a hydrogen bond if it comes in close proximity with an oxygen atom that forms part of a water molecule

False the hydrogen must be in contact with another electronegative atom