Catholic Studies Test 3 - HW Questions

Separation of the soul from the body describes the phenomenon known as __________.

death

A person being aware of things when engaged in first-person introspection is called __________.

consciousness

A natural grouping of related capacities within the soul is called a __________ of the soul.

faculty

Because emotions are movements of the sense appetite within the soul, the classical name for the emotions is __________.

the passions

The emotions of which category respond to difficult goods or difficult evils?

irascible

What is the faculty of the soul by which we receive truth?

the intellect

To desire the good and to delight in the good are the proper operations of which faculty of the soul?

the will

Free choice (in Latin, liberum arbitrium) is a power of the soul reflecting the combined operation of which two faculties of the soul?

the intellect and the will

A quality by which a faculty of the soul is inclined to act is called a __________.

habit

Habits of the soul which incline us to choose good or to avoid evil with ease and facility are called __________.

virtues

God's free gift which allows humans to fulfill their ultimate purpose of entering into perfect peace and happiness of eternally contemplating God in God's presence in heaven is called __________.

grace

A creed is a brief summary of key Church teachings set forth in specific theological propositions known and expressed as __________ of faith.

articles

What incorrect teaching (whose name is derived from its initial fourth-century proponent) maintains that a person's own efforts in developing virtue, practicing charity, and engaging in acts of ascetic self-denial are sufficient for achieving salvation and, thus, for perfecting himself and avoiding sin even without the benefit of God's grace?

Pelagianism

What is the name for the distortion of human nature introduced by the first sin of our first human parents which inclines us, without compelling us, to choose evil and, thus, to sin ourselves?

concupiscence

The first stage of the process of salvation is called [A], and the second stage is called [B].

A - justification

B - sanctification

Absolutely certain knowledge of the future __________ the possibility of choice.

C. preludes

Which word in the first premise of the syllogism setting forth the Problem of Omniscience is problematic?

will

Which premise in the syllogism setting forth the Problem of Evil is problematic?

second

In a comparison of a hypothetical world without evil to the real world with evil, the hypothetical world without evil has __________ love than the real world with evil.

C

The correlation between the intensity of the love we have for a person and the amount of pain which we would feel if something serious and unfortunate were happen to that person is __________

A. proportional

That form of suffering experienced in the physical body can be called [A], whereas that form of suffering experienced in the immaterial soul or mind can be called [B].

A - pain

B - anguish

What is the name for evil not caused by a free and intelligent moral agent?

nonmoral evil

The modified version of the atheistic argument from evil which appeals to the kind or quality of evil in the world claims that certain experienced evils are non-trivial and significant, without profit to anyone, and advocates for this modified version of the argument call this type of evil "__________ evil."

gratuitous

A purely reason-based statement expressing a logical possibility about why a premise of an argument is incorrect (thus rendering the conclusion of the argument also incorrect) is called a [A], whereas a thoroughgoing explanation as to why God allows evil to exist in the world is called a [B].

A - defense

B - theodicy

Which reason-based defense seemingly does the better job of addressing the problem of nonmoral evil, since it is addressed more directly to the existence of suffering rather than evil itself?

the character-building defense

What is the name of the ancient non-Christian religious philosophy which taught that the world was created by a lesser evil god rather than the original true God?

Gnosticism

The Catholic tradition claims that nature is best characterized by saying that it __________

B

Name two leading figures of the Protestant Reformation in the sixteenth century who denied the existence of free choice.

Martin Luther and John Calvin

The Catholic Church responded to the views of Protestant Reformers concerning free choice by reiterating the classic teaching (which we analyzed when considering Saint Augustine's On Grace and Free Choice) when the Decree on Justification was issued by which (ecumenical) council, held in the mid-sixteenth century?

Trent

Which of the following is a ramification of Martin Luther's position on free choice?

A