Period 3, Part 1 IDs

Period 3 (1754-1800): Part I – French & Indian War through Declaration of Independence

French colonists/Huron Indians

alliance between the French and the Natives of the Ohio River Valley in the 7 years war

English colonists/Iroquois Indians

alliance between the English and the Iroquois during the 7 years war

George Washington

Colonel in the British military, ordered to stop French from creating Fort Duquesne, French refuse

Fort Duquesne

French fort in Pennsylvania built to prevent British expansion westward; British unsuccessful at capturing 2x

Edward Braddock

British commander sent to Fort Duquesne, where he is killed in 1755

William Pitt

Prime Minister of Britain who is idealized by the colonists because he sent them resources during the war

Albany Congress

Ben Franklin’s meeting in 1754 to come up with a plan of colonial defense

Albany Plan of Union

created during the Albany Congress, first attempt at working cooperatively

Seven Years War/French & Indian War

gateway war/tipping point to revolution - fought over land in Canada/Ohio River Valley

Treaty of Paris 1763

ends the French and Indian war, makes France give up all NA territory

Acadians/Cajuns

French colonists kicked out from Nova Scotia by New Englanders who create new culture in Louisiana

Pontiac’s Rebellion

Ottawa tribe rebels because the English are more hostile to Native Americans than the French

Attack Fort Detroit, Fort Pitt, colonial settlements

~3 years

British brought Smallpox blankets and killed the tribe

Proclamation of 1763

Parliament passes to forbid colonists from moving West of the Appalachian Mountains to prevent another rebellion and keep colonists close to the mother country

Vice admiralty court

Biased courts designed to try smugglers, enforcing the Navigation Acts

Writ of assistance

Allowed law enforcement to search anyone without probable cause

Stamp Act

Every time a colonist bought/filed something on paper, they had to pay for the paper AND pay a tax on it for a stamp

indirect tax/regulate commerce

designed to regulate trade, paid by merchants (Sugar Act)

direct tax/raise revenue

designed to raise revenue, paid by consumers (Stamp Act)

virtual representation

idea that parliament is voting in British best interest

Patrick Henry

Virginian public speaker who came up w/ resolutions for VA House of Burgesses to send to Parliament & gave "Give Me Liberty" speech

Loyal Nine

Middle class against the Stamp Act

Massachusetts

Fund the violence, a little writing

Sons of Liberty

Middle class

Originally Loyal Nine

Led by Sam Adams and Patrick Henry

Push for violence but don’t participate

Civil disobedience, boycotts, Boston Tea Party

Leads to lower class participating

Stamp Act Congress

1765 meeting where 9 colonies attend & agree that Parliament can't take away a public jury & that they should push for more boycotts

Declaratory Act

1766 Passed after Stamp Act is repealed saying Parliament has full authority to pass laws/taxes that colonists have to abide by

John Locke

Greatly inspired TJ's Declaration of Independence by his natural rights & social contract in Two Treatises of Gov.

Samuel Adams

Leader of the Sons of Liberty who formed the Committees of Correspondence (elite letter writing)

Townshend Acts

New set of taxes on specific goods

Indirect but used to pay colonial governor, not by the colonial legislature (doesn’t have to listen to colonies anymore)

Repealed in 1770

Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

Response to Townshend Acts by John Dickinson

Series of essays laying out his arguments against the Townshend Acts

John Dickinson

Writer of Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania

spinning bee/club

women collectively making clothes and products

Committees of Correspondence

1772 founded by Sam Adams as information sharing network of letters across the colonies

Daughters of Liberty

Women who spun clothing at home to avoid purchasing British goods and supported boycotts/protests as a symbol of American self-sacrifice & resistance

Intolerable Acts

1774 Coercive Acts (Closed Boston Harbour, put Massachusetts under direct control of British Crown, & soldier quartering) + Quebec Act that are passed as punishment for Boston Tea Party & unite the colonies to act in response (CC)

1st Continental Congress (September 1774)

1st government of US meet in Philadelphia to come up with a plan to ignore Coercive Acts, boycott all British goods, stop exporting to Britain, write a letter to the King (not a call for independence yet)

Boston Massacre

soldiers were all over Boston — Rabble taunts soldiers, who begin to shoot (5 colonists killed) + John Adams defended soldiers & got them off since no one could prove who yelled fire

Crispus Attucks

Indian-African-White sailor victim of Boston Massacre & "1st casualty of the Revolution"

Regulators

Uprising in NC against colonial officials

Lord Dunmore’s War

Conflict in Western VA against natives like a mini–Bacon's Rebellion; ex. of non-British related colony tensions

Liberty Affair

Massachusetts

John Hancock’s ship was taken by the British

Unbeknownst to Britain, JH was a leader of the Loyal Nine, who incited to rabble to go after it

Gaspee Affair

British ship that runs aground Rabble burn the ship

Green Mountain Boys

New Hampshire vs NY, creates Vermont

Lexington & Concord

Massachusetts, first instances of fighting between British Crown & colonists

2nd Continental Congress (May 1775)

meeting where some are ready to declare independence, but it's decided to try one more negotiation attempt w/ Olive Branch Petition; creation of the Continental Army

Olive Branch Petition

Extending an offer of peace one last time

Very appreciative of the King

Asking for negotiations to establish rights as British citizens

Common Sense

Attacks monarchy, dangerous to liberty, inappropriate for colonists

Thomas Paine

writer of Common Sense

Declaration of Independence

July 1776

Written by Thomas Jefferson, inspired by John Locke's 2 Treatises of Gov. & Thomas Paine's Common Sense, ratified by 2nd CC