Zoology Exam 3 (copy)

Which is NOT a correct description of a member of a protozoan group?

B. Development involves an embryonic stage

The most correct usage of the term "protozoa" is

E. as an informal cluster of groups with complicated and uncertain phyletic

relationships

Nutrition in protozoan groups is best described as

D. All of the choices are correct

Which organelle was once an independent aerobic prokaryote engulfed by an

anaerobic prokaryote?

B. Mitochondrion

Ectoplasm

E. contrasts with endoplasm; both ectoplasm and endoplasm are cytoplasmic

components

Which protozoan is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement structure it

possesses

E. Apicomplexa-reticulopodia

Which structure is NOT correctly linked to the type of movement or podial

function?

A. Axoneme-actin-binding protein that keeps ectoplasm from gelling

Long, thin pseudopodia supported by axial rods of microtubules are

C. axopodia

Which of the following represents the arrangement of microtubules in axonemes of

cilia?

B. Nine peripheral pairs of microtubules plus one central pair

At the base of every flagellum or cilium is found a/an

A. kinetosome

The function of the contractile vacuole in protozoa is

A. water balance

At the end of the oral groove in a Paramecium ciliate is a mouth structure called the

C. cytostome

A specific structure in ciliates that serves as the site of expulsion for wastes is the

D. cytoproct

Protist reproduction

E. may be asexual or any of the above sexual cycles

Most of the time, although they usually have other options, protozoans reproduce by

B. asexual cell division

A protozoan with both plant-like photosynthesis and animal-like motility is most

likely a

C. euglenoid

Protozoans in the genus Trypanosoma cause

C. African sleeping sickness and Chagas disease

Chaga's disease in the Americas is carried by

D. triatomine "kissing" bugs

Giardia lamblia causes

B. dysentery and intestinal ailments and is found in contaminated water

An example of a Ciliophoran protozoan is

C. Paramecium

A member of the apicomplexan group of protists is

B. Plasmodium vivax

Osmoregulation in some protozoa is carried out chiefly by a structure called a/an

contractile vacuole

After phagocytosis, a food particle is held in a food vacuole also called a/an

phagosome

The structure in a Euglena that functions to orient it to light is the ________

_______________ or eyespot

stigma

Some species of slime molds form a large, multinucleate body called a/an

pseudoplasmodium

The protozoan phylum that contains only endoparasitic forms is the

Apicomplexa

A sporozoan parasite of cats that can cause birth defects in humans is called

Toxoplasma gondii

Mesozoans

A. have two cell layers

The simplest of canal systems is found in the

A. asconoids

The extracellular matrix found in sponges is

E. mesohyl

The outer thin, flat, epithelial-like cells that cover the outside and some inside

surfaces of sponges, are

B. pinacocytes

A sponge feeds by

C. beating the flagella of collar cells to form a current; food is absorbed by collar

cells

The structural protein found in all sponges is

B. collagen

Cells responsible for water flow and capture of some particles are the

C. choanocytes

Reproduction in sponges is

E. All of the choices are correct

The unique feature of the sponge development is the amphiblastula which

D. turns inside out during its development

In glass sponges, archaeocytes fuse their pseudopodia to form a

E. trabecular net

The demosponges

B. are mostly marine but include the freshwater sponges

The largest impact that the loss of sponges would have on the environment would be

E. loss of filtration

Why are bath sponges so soft?

D. Bath sponges are composed primarily of softer spongin

The simplest body plan of sponges is

__________, and the plan characterized by flagellated canals is leuconoids.

asconoids

Thin, epithelialtype cells covering the outer surface of sponges are the

_____________

pinacocytes

About 80% of particulate organic carbon in the marine environment is in the form of

the smallest particles that sponges can consume, and phagocytosis of these particles is carried out by the

choanocytes

All digestion in sponges is intracellular and is carried out by the _

archaeocytes

Internal buds of sponges that can withstand adverse conditions are ______

gemmules

Deep-sea sponges with six-rayed siliceous spicules and a trabecular net belong to the

Hexactinellida/Hyalospongiae

About 95% of the sponges belong to the clas

Demospongiae

Nematocysts are

B. formed and used only by Cnidaria although a few other organisms may "steal"

them

A hydra moves by

D. epitheliomuscular cells in the epidermis

How does Hydra reproduce sexually?

C. The polyp body wall can produce both ovaries and testes that make sperm and

eggs

The class Hydrozoa contains Hydra, Obelia, and

A. the Portuguese manofwar

Hydra reproduces asexually by

A. buds

Digestion in hydra is

C. both extracellular and intracellular

The fishing tentacles in the Portuguese manofwar are long tentacles with many

nematocysts called

A. dactylozooids

The class of radiate animals with the most conspicuous medusa stage is

B. Scyphozoa

Hermaphroditic sea anemones that produce sperm first and eggs later, to prevent

self-fertilization, are called

D. protandrous

A living anemone must detect non-living debris that floats by from potential food

that also move past it. How does it detect the difference?

D. Both it has a feeding response to certain chemicals such as glutathione and

asparagine. and they respond to vibrations that match the frequency of prey. are correct

Sea anemones and corals lack

D. a medusa stage

A/An ____________________ is close to the land and has either no lagoon or a very shallow lagoon

D. fringing reef

A/An ____________________ encircles a lagoon but there is no central island

A. atoll

Which statement about Cnidaria is NOT true?

E. The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with a distinct mouth and anus

Hermatypic corals have mutualistic algal cells in their tissues called

B. zooxanthellae

Ctenophores capture food by

C. colloblasts

If you removed the statocyst from a ctenophore, the most likely symptom you would

notice would be

B. disorientation or swimming in a haphazard manner

The body wall of a hydra consists of an outer epidermis and an inner gastrodermis

with ____ between them

mesoglea

Water in the gastrovascular cavity serves as a

_____________ skeleton

hydrostatic

The tall secretory cells around the pedal disc and mouth of hydra are the _

gland cells

The mesoglea of scyphozoans has ameboid cells and fibers and is called a ____

mesenchyme

Corals important in formation of coral reefs have zooxanthellae in their tissues and

are known as

zoantharia

Ctenophores are propelled by eight plates bearing long, fused

cilia

"Glue" cells in ctenophores that function in catching small animals are called

colloblasts

Animals with three well-defined germ layers and that have one solid mass of tissue

rather than tissues and organs nestled inside a body cavity are

A. acoelomate and triploblastic

The flatworms typically have _______ cleavage

E. spiral

Turbellarians, such as the planaria, move by

E. secreting a slime track of mucus and pushing against it with epidermal cilia and

muscular waves

The correct sequence of development in a typical fluke life cycle is

B. egg, miracidium, sporocyst, cercaria

The name of the free-swimming, ciliated stage that hatches from a trematode egg is

the

A. miracidium

Humans become infected with lung flukes by

B. eating infected crabs or crayfish

The blood fluke Schistosoma is

B. an endoparasite and a Digenean

The intermediate host of the blood fluke is a

E. None of the choices are correct

The long chains of bags of eggs, which hang behind the head of a tapeworm, is

called a

A. strobila

The head region of a tapeworm is called the

D. scolex

Ribbon worms and flatworms both have

B. flame cells

Trematodes have a body covering known as a

tegument

Most monogeneans are external parasites of

fish

The posterior attachment organ of monogeneans is the

opisthaptor

The free-swimming, ciliated stage that hatches from a digenetic trematode egg is the

miracidium

The holdfast of a tapeworm is its

scolex

The main reproductive body "segment" of the cestode is called the

proglottid

Taenia solium is a dangerous tapeworm because humans can serve as its ___ host

primary

Ribbon worms seize their prey with their _

proboscis

Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue but have organs in a cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm are

C. pseudocoelomate

Which of the following is provided by a pseudocoelom?

E. All of the choices are correct

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about nematodes?

E. Nematodes are all carnivores but may be free-living or parasitic

Which of these is NOT a nematode?

E. Schistosoma mansoni, a worm that causes schistosomiasis

Copulatory spicules function to

C. hold the female vulva open against hydrostatic pressure

If you are discovered to have an infection of Ascaris worms, your most likely danger

is

C. blockage of the intestines

In what two roundworm parasite cycles do worms get "coughed up" and swallowed

in order to complete their cycle?

Ascaris and trichina

How do you become infected with Necator americanus hookworms?

C. Larvae burrow into your feet

The parasite found in the U.S. where people contract it up by eating poorly cooked

pork, bear meat, etc. is

A. Trichinella

Juvenile Trichinella worms live in the

E. skeletal muscle