Lab 6: Special Senses (Eye and Ear)

Comprehensive review flashcards in fill-in-the-blank style covering the microanatomy, gross anatomy, chambers, histology, dissection, and extrinsic muscles/nerves of the eye and ear.

In the neural layer of the retina, visual impulses pass from photoreceptors (rods and cones) to __________ cells before reaching ganglion cells.

bipolar

In the photomicrograph of the retina, the outermost cellular layer directly adjacent to the choroid is the __________ layer.

pigmented

The nerve fibers that travel along the inner surface of the retina and converge to form the optic nerve are the axons of __________ cells.

ganglion

From external to internal, the three tunics forming the wall of the eyeball are the sclera, the choroid, and the __________.

retina

In the microanatomy of the retina, the two types of integrator cells modulating signals across retinal layers are horizontal cells and __________ cells.

amacrine

The gross anatomy of the ear is divided into three major anatomical regions: the external ear, the middle ear, and the __________ ear.

inner

The three auditory ossicles located within the tympanic cavity are the malleus, the incus, and the __________.

stapes

The auditory tube connects the middle ear tympanic cavity with the __________.

nasopharynx

In the cochlea of the inner ear, the fluid found within the scala vestibuli and scala tympani is __________.

perilymph

In the cochlea of the inner ear, the fluid contained inside the scala media (cochlear duct) is __________.

endolymph

In the cochlear duct resting upon the basilar membrane, the receptor structure containing hair cells for hearing is the __________ organ.

spiral

Within the vestibule of the inner ear, the two membranous sacs containing equilibrium receptors are the saccule and the __________.

utricle

Receptors for rotational dynamic equilibrium are situated within dilated swellings called ampullae at the base of the __________ ducts.

semicircular

Sensory innervation from both the vestibular apparatus and the cochlea is carried to the brain by cranial nerve VIII, the __________ nerve.

vestibulocochlear

The depression in the center of the macula lutea that provides the highest visual acuity is the __________.

fovea centralis

The region of the retina where ganglion cell axons converge to exit the eye, containing no photoreceptors and forming the blind spot, is the __________.

optic disc

In the sagittal view of the eye, the large chamber situated behind the lens filled with gelatinous vitreous humor is the __________ cavity.

posterior

The ciliary processes and ciliary muscle form the __________ body, which suspends the lens via suspensory ligaments.

ciliary

In a dissected cow eye, the iridescent blue-green reflective layer of the choroid that aids vision in low light is the __________.

tapetum lucidum

On the posterior external aspect of the dissected cow eye shown, the firm white cord penetrating through the sclera is the __________ nerve.

optic

The extrinsic eye muscle highlighted in purple on the lateral aspect of the eyeball is the __________ rectus.

lateral

The lateral rectus muscle is innervated by cranial nerve VI, known as the __________ nerve.

abducens

The superior oblique muscle, whose tendon passes through the trochlea pulley, is innervated by cranial nerve IV, known as the __________ nerve.

trochlear

The extrinsic eye muscle highlighted in purple that originates near the anterior medial floor of the orbit and wraps around the inferolateral globe is the __________ oblique.

inferior

The superior rectus, medial rectus, inferior rectus, and inferior oblique muscles are all innervated by the __________ nerve (CN III).

oculomotor

The extrinsic eye muscle highlighted in purple running along the floor of the orbit beneath the eyeball is the __________ rectus.

inferior

The extrinsic eye muscle highlighted in purple situated along the medial wall of the orbit is the __________ rectus.

medial

The extrinsic eye muscle highlighted in purple that courses along the superior medial orbit before passing its tendon through the trochlea is the __________ oblique.

superior

Pupil diameter is controlled by two smooth muscle arrangements within the iris: the dilator pupillae and the __________ pupillae.

sphincter

The three semicircular ducts of the inner ear are designated as the superior, posterior, and __________ semicircular ducts.

lateral