Chemistry - metals revision

General word equation for the reaction of a metal with an acid

$$\text{Metal} + \text{Acid} \rightarrow \text{Salt} + \text{Hydrogen}$$

Chemical test and positive result for hydrogen gas

Hold a lit splint near the gas; it produces a squeaky pop sound.

Salt type produced when reacting a metal with hydrochloric acid

Metal chloride

Salt type produced when reacting a metal with sulfuric acid

Metal sulfate

Salt type produced when reacting a metal with nitric acid

Metal nitrate

General word equation for a metal reacting with oxygen

$$\text{Metal} + \text{Oxygen} \rightarrow \text{Metal oxide}$$

Chemical identity and formula of rust

Hydrated iron(III) oxide ($\text{Fe}_2\text{O}_3$)

Two essential substances required for iron to rust

Water and oxygen

General word equation for the reaction of an alkali metal with water

$$\text{Metal} + \text{Water} \rightarrow \text{Metal hydroxide} + \text{Hydrogen}$$

Balanced chemical equation for the reaction of sodium with water

$$2\text{Na} + 2\text{H}_2\text{O} \rightarrow 2\text{NaOH} + \text{H}_2$$

Observations shared by lithium, sodium, and potassium when placed in water

They fizz and float on the surface of the water.

Observation unique to potassium when reacting with water

It ignites quickly and burns with a lilac flame.

Oxidation (in terms of oxygen)

The gain of oxygen by a substance during a chemical reaction.

Reduction (in terms of oxygen)

The loss of oxygen from a substance during a chemical reaction.

Redox reaction

A chemical reaction where reduction and oxidation take place at the same time.

Displacement reaction

A reaction in which a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive metal from its compound.

Products of the displacement reaction between iron and copper sulfate

Iron sulfate and copper

Reactivity series order from most to least reactive

Potassium, sodium, lithium, calcium, magnesium, aluminium, carbon, zinc, iron, hydrogen, copper, silver, gold