functional groups (chem)

alkanes

C-C single bonds; saturated

alkenes

at least one Carbon-Carbon double bond; monounsaturated

alkynes

Carbon-Carbon triple bonds; polyunsaturated

aromatic

planar, ring structure (based on benzene). can contain heteroatoms

alcohol (primary)

alcohol (secondary)

alcohol (tertiary)

phenol

aromatic alcohol (bonded to OH group)

ether

oxygen between 2 side chains

thiol

sulfide (thioether)

disulfide

phosphate

primary amine

secondary amine

tertiary amine

quarternary amine

protonated amine

acetyl

aldehyde

ketone

carboxylic acid

carboxylate

ester

amide