Leg and Foot Anatomy Exam 2

#6?

Cuboid

#7?

Lateral Cuneiform

#3?

Navicular

#4?

Talus

K?

Calcaneus

J?

Talus

I?

Navicular

H?

Cuboid

E?

Proximal Phalanx of the 5th Phalange

D?

Middle Phalanx of the 5th Phalange

F?

Dorsal cuboideonavilcuar ligament

I?

Bifurcate ligament

H?

Interosseous talocalcaneal ligament

D?

Anterior talofibular ligament

B?

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

D?

Tibiocalcaneal ligament

E?

Tibionavicular ligament

F?

Anterior tibiotalar ligament

L?

Plantar calcaneonavicular ligament

J?

Dorsal tarsometatarsal ligament

A?

Calcaneal Tendon

B?

Tibialis posterior tendon

C?

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

F?

Tibialis anterior ligament

G?

Anterior tibotalar ligament

A?

Tibialis anterior tendon

B?

Tibonavicular ligament

C?

Extensor hallucis longus tendon

E?

Anterior tibiofibular ligament

F?

Anterior talofibular ligament

G?

Fibularis tertius tendon

1?

Posterior tibial tendon

2?

Flexor digitorum longus tendon

3?

Posterior tibial artery

4?

Posterior tibial vein

5?

Posterior tibial nerve

6?

Flexor hallucis longus tendon

4?

Quadratus Plantae

5?

Lumbricals

6?

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Every toe in the foot is made up of 3 bones, distal, middle and proximal phalanx EXCEPT the,

1st Phalange

The base of the first metatarsal articulates with what tarsal bone?

Medial Cuneiform

The sustentaculum tali is a landmark located on the:

Calcaneus

Which structure is also known as the styloid process of the 5th metatarsal?

Tuberosity of the 5th metatarsal

Which tarsal bone articulates directly with the tibia at the ankle joint?

Talus

The articulation between the phalanges and metatarsal bones is known as the,

Metatarsal Phalangeal Joint (MTP)

The articulation between the metatarsal bones and the cuboid and all the cuneiform bones is known as the,

Tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint

What structure is identified by the letter B?

Proximal phalanx of the first phalange

What structure is identified by the letter K?

Navicular Bone

What structure is identified by the letter I?

Cuboid

What structure is identified by the letter H?

Lateral Cuneiform

What structure is identified by the letter L?

Talus

Where are the sesamoid bones?

D

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 1?

First metatarsal phalangeal joint

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 5?

Navicular tuberosity

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 8?

Calcaneonavicular ligament

A lateral ankle sprain would be an injury to what structure?

Calcaneofibular Ligament (CFL)

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 6?

Transverse head of the abductor Hallucis

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 5?

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 2?

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 1?

Abductor Hallucis

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 2?

Flexor digitorum brevis

What anatomical structure is identified by the number 3?

Abductor digiti minimi

Which muscle is identified by the number 6?

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Which muscle is identified by the number 4?

Tibialis Posterior

Which muscle is identified by the number 7?

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Which muscle is identified by the number 4?

Tibialis Anterior

What muscle does NOT do ankle eversion?

Tibialis Anterior

Which muscles DO ankle eversion?

Peroneus Brevis

Peroneus Longus

Peroneus Tertius

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Anterior group includes:

Tibialis Anterior

Extensor digitorum longus

Extensor Hallucis longus

Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius

Lateral Group includes:

Fibularis (peroneus) longus

Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis

Posterior group (superficial) includes:

Gastrocnemius

Soleus

Plantaris

Posterior group (Deep Layer) includes:

Popliteus

Tibialis Posterior

Flexor digitorum Longus

Flexor hallucis longus

Tibialis Anterior

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, lateral surface of tibia; and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Medial cuneiform and base of the first metatarsal

^{Action: Invert} the foot; dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint). (Also provides medial support to the transverse arch

Extensor Digitorum Longus

Origin: Lateral condyle of tibia; proximal, anterior shaft of fibula; and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Middle and distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

Action: Extend the second through fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints); dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint); evert the foot

Extensor Hallucis Longus

Origin: Middle, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Distal phalanx of first toe

Action: Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints); dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint); invert the foot

Fibularis (peroneus) Tertius

Origin: Anterior surface of the distal fibula

Insertion: Dorsal shaft of the 5th metatarsal

Action: Evert the foot; assist to dorsiflex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Fibularis (peroneus) Longus

Origin: Head of fibula and proximal two-thirds of lateral fibula

Insertion: Base of the first metatarsal and medial cuneiform

Action: Evert the foot; assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint) (Also provides lateral support to the transverse arch⁾

Fibularis (peroneus) Brevis

Origin: Lateral surface of the fibula

Insertion: Base / tuberosity of the fifth metatarsal

Action: Evert the foot; assist to plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Gastrocnemius

Origin: Posterior surfaces of the condyles of the femur

Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Action: Flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint); plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Soleus

Origin: Soleal line; proximal, posterior surface of tibia; and posterior aspect of head of fibula

Insertion: Calcaneus via the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon

Action: Plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Plantaris

Insertion & Action: Inserts into the calcaneus via the calcaneal tendon to perform plantar flexion of the ankle

Popliteus

Origin: Lateral condyle of the femur

Insertion: Proximal, posterior aspect of tibia

Action: Medially rotate the flexed knee (tibiofemoral joint); flex the knee (tibiofemoral joint)

Tibialis Posterior

Origin: Proximal, posterior shafts of tibia and fibula; and interosseous membrane

Insertion: Navicular, all cuneiform bones, cuboid, calcaneus, and bases of second through fourth metatarsals

Action: Invert the foot; plantar flex the ankle (talocrural joint)

Flexor digitorum Longus

Origin: middle, posterior surface of tibia

Insertion: distal phalanges of second through fifth toes

Action: Flex the second through fifth toes (metatarsophalangeal and in interphalangeal joints) weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint); invert the foot

Flexor Hallucis Longus

Origin: Middle half of posterior fibula

Insertion: Distal phalanx of first toe

Action: Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints); weak plantar flexion of ankle (talocrural joint); invert the foot

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot (Dorsal group)

Extensor Digitorum Brevis

Extensor Hallucis Brevis

Extensor digitorum Brevis

Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus

insertion: Second through fourth toes via the extensor digitorum longus tendons

Action: Extend the second through fourth toes (metatarsophalangeal and interphalangeal joints)

Extensor Hallucis brevis

Origin: Dorsal surface of calcaneus

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of first toe

Action: Extend the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot (Plantar Group-1st layer)

Abductor Hallucis

Flexor digitorum Brevis

Abductor digiti Minimi

Abductor Hallucis

Origin: Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of first toe (medial surface) and medial sesamoid bone

Action: Abduct the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint); assist to flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

Flexor digitorum Brevis

Origin: Medial process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Middle phalanges of second through fifth toes

Action: Flex middle phalanges of the second through fifth toes (proximal interphalangeal joints)

Abductor Digiti Minimi

Origin: Lateral process of calcaneus and plantar aponeurosis

Insertion: Proximal phalanx of fifth toe (lateral surface)

Action: Flex the fifth toe; assist to abduct the fifth toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot (Plantar Group-2nd layer)

Quadratus Plantae

Lumbricals

Quadratus Plantae

Origin: Medial and lateral sides of plantar surface of calcaneus

Insertion: Posterior, lateral aspect of flexor digitorum longus tendon

Action: Assist flexor digitorum longus to flex 2nd–5th toes

Lumbricals

Origin: Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

Insertion: Bases of proximal phalanges of 2nd–5th toes and extensor digitorum longus tendons (on dorsal surface of the toes)

Action: Flex the proximal phalanges of the 2nd–5th toes at the metatarsophalangeal joints; extend the middle and distal phalanges of the 2nd–5th toes at the interphalangeal joints

Intrinsic Muscles of the Foot (Plantar Group-3rd layer)

Adductor Hallucis

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Flexor Digiti mini Brevis

Opponens Digiti minimi

Adductor Hallucis

Origin: Oblique head: Bases of second through fourth metatarsals.

• Transverse head: Plantar ligament of third through fifth metatarsophalangeal joints

Insertion: Lateral surface of base of proximal phalanx of first toe

Action: Adduct the first toe; assist to maintain transverse arch of foot; assist to flex the first toe

Flexor Hallucis Brevis

Origin: Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiform

Insertion: Medial and lateral surfaces of base of proximal phalanx of first toe

Action: Flex the first toe (metatarsophalangeal joint)

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

Origin: Base of fifth metatarsal

Insertion: Base of proximal phalanx of fifth toe

Action: Flex the fifth toe (MTP joint)