Micro Ch. 17- Adaptive Immunity (Exam 3- SG)

Cells of the Adaptive Immune System

B cells and T cells

B Cells

produce antibodies & carry immunoglobulins on their surface

T Cells

have TLRs. Each cell is specific for only one type of antigen

Plasma cells

plasmacytes (type of white blood cell). develop from B cell (B lymphocytes)

Haplen

low molecular weight compound. elicit an immune response. when attached to a larger carrier such as a protein

Epitope

part of an antigen molecule to which antibody attaches itself

Antigen

substance that causes the production of antibodies. either proteins or polysaccharides

Antibodies

IgM
IgG
IgA
IgE

IgM antibodies

first produced antibodies

IgG antibodies

most common responses to antigen. can cross placenta

IgA antibodies

mucous membrane antibodies

IgE antibodies

associated with hypersensitivity

Cytotoxic T cells

Activated by antigen presented in association with Class I MHC.
Respond by secreting perforin and lysing target cell.
Usually requires pre-activation of TC of cytokines produced by TH1 cell activation of cytotoxic T cells.

Helper T cells

secrete cytokines to influence other immune cells

Antigen presenting cells

macrophages/ dendritic cells

ex. of antigen presenting cells

M cells in Peyer's patches

primary immune response

initial exposure to antigen results in IgM production

primary immune response peak titer

10-17 days

secondary immune response

the second and subsequent exposure results in IgG production

secondary immune response peak titer

2-7 days

naturally acquired active immunity

antigens enter body naturally. Body induces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes.

naturally acquired passive immunity

antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or mother's milk

artificially acquired active immunity

antigens introduced in vaccines. Body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes

artificially acquires passive immunity

preformed antibodies in immune serum are introduced by injection.