unit 2

Prokaryote

An organism made of a single cell with no nucleus.

Protist

A eukaryotic organism that is not a plant, animal, or fungus.

Bacteria

Single-celled prokaryotes; one of the three domains of life.

Eukaryote

An organism whose cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.

Fungus

Eukaryotes that absorb nutrients from their environment; includes mushrooms and molds.

Hyphae

Threadlike filaments in fungi that absorb nutrients.

Fruiting Body

The reproductive structure of fungi that makes spores.

Seedless vascular plants

Plants like ferns; have vascular tissue but do not produce seeds.

Seed

A plant embryo with a food supply and protective coat.

Gymnosperm

A seed plant that produces 'naked' seeds, not in fruits.

Angiosperm

A flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed inside a fruit.

Root system

Underground organs that anchor the plant and absorb water and minerals.

Shoot system

Stems and leaves that support the plant and perform photosynthesis.

Dermal tissue

The plant’s outer protective covering.

Vascular tissue

Xylem and phloem that transport water, nutrients, and sugars.

Ground tissue

Tissue for photosynthesis, storage, and support.

Stomata

Pores on leaves that allow gases to enter and exit the plant.

Sporophyte

The diploid plant stage that makes spores.

Gametophyte

The haploid plant stage that makes gametes (egg and sperm).

Spores

Haploid cells that grow into gametophytes.

Gametes

Egg or sperm cells.

Zygote

The fertilized egg formed when sperm and egg unite.

Pollen

The male gametophyte of seed plants.

Pollination

Transfer of pollen to the female reproductive part of a plant.

Flower

The reproductive structure of angiosperms.

Fruit

The mature ovary of a flower that protects seeds and helps disperse them.

Microbe

Any microscopic organism.

Three domains of life

Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya.

Features of bacteria that allow quick evolution

Fast reproduction and frequent mutations.

Fungi's method of obtaining energy

Digest food by secreting enzymes outside their bodies and then absorbing the nutrients.

Kingdoms in Eukaryota

Protists, Fungi, Plants, and Animals.

Major adaptations of gymnosperms

Produce pollen and seeds.

Difference between monocots and dicots

Monocots have one seed leaf, dicots have two seed leaves.

Function of stomata

Allow gas exchange and regulate water loss.

Why non-vascular plants need moisture

Sperm must swim to the egg and they lack vascular tissue.

What is vascular tissue and its purpose?

Transport water (xylem) and sugars (phloem).