Learn: Skeletal System Anatomy

cervical vertibrae

neck

Mandible

lower jaw bone, only bone of the skull not joined by sutures

Sternum

breastbone, forms the middle of the front of the rib cage and is divided into three parts

Radius

the thicker and shorter of the two bones in the forearm, "on the thumb side"

Phalanges

bones of the fingers and toes

Ribs

form the thoracic cage, 12 pairs

Tibia

the thicker and innermost of the two bones in the lower leg, "shin bone"

Fibula

the thinner and outermost of the two bones in the lower leg, "calf bone"

Scapula

shoulder blade

Carpals

wrist bones

Metacarpals

bones of the palm

Coxal

hip bone

Femur

largest bone in the body, "thigh bone"

Tarsals

ankle bones

Metatarsals

bones of the foot

Patella

knee cap

Clavicle

collar bone

Humerus

upper arm bone

Ulna

the thinner and longer of the two bones in the forearm, "on the pinky side"

Maxilla

upper jaw bone

Zygomatic

a projection of the temporal bone, found on each side of the maxilla

Frontal

forehead bone

Temporal

two bones on each side of the head that form the lower portion of the skull

Occipital

bone that forms the back of the skull

Parietal

two bones on each side of the head that form the upper portion of the skull

Ilium

the upper, wing-shaped portion of the hip bone

Ischium

the lowest portion of the hip bone, connects to the pubic symphysis

Pubis

the middle, thinnest portion of the hip bone

Pubis Symphysis

point where the right and left coxal bones join together

Cervical Vertebrae

Behind the neck, C1-C7

Thoracic Vertebrae

Behind the thoracic cage, T1-T12

Lumbar Vertebrae

Behind the lower back, L1-L5

Atlas

1st cervical vertebra

Axis

2nd cervical vertebra

Sacrum

Formed by 5 fused sacral vertebrae

Coccyx

Formed by 4 fused coccygeal vertebrae, "tail bone"

Ethmoid

located between the two eye sockets

Sphenoid

two bones of each side of the head, anterior to the temporal bones

Inferior Nasal Concha

bones on the inferior lateral sides of the nasal cavity

Lacrimal

teardrop shape bone on either side of the nasal cavity

Nasal

bones that form the bridge of the nose

Palatine

bones on the superior medial portion of the nasal cavity

Vomer

the small, thin bone separating the right and left nasal cavities

206

number of bones in the skeletal system

Axial and Appendicular

two large groups of the skeletal system

Protect and support the brain, spinal cord, and vital organs housed in the thorax

functions of the axial skeleton

Sutures

immovable joints of the skull

True Ribs

ribs attached directly to the sternum, pairs 1-7

False Ribs

ribs not attached directly to the sternum, pairs 8-12

Floating Ribs

ribs that are only connected to the vertebrae, pairs 11-12

Involved in locomotion and the manipulation of the environment

functions of the appendicular skeleton

Ilium, Ischium, and Pubis

the 3 bones that fuse to form the coxal bones

Articulation

a location where two bone surfaces come together

Projection

an area of a bone that projects above the surface of the bone

Tubercle

small, rounded process or bump

Tuberosity

rough process, larger than a tubercle

Spine

sharp process

Crest

ridge

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial

3 major types of joints

Flexion

decreases the angle of a joint

Extension

increases the angle of a joint

Hyperextension

increases the angle of a joint beyond normal range

Abduction

movement away from the median plane

Adduction

movement toward the median plane

Rotation

the turning of a structure around its axis

Pronation

movement that positions body parts to the back/down

Supination

movement that positions body parts to the front/up

Plane joints

produce multiaxial and gliding movements, restricts rotation, bones are flat or slightly curved

Examples of plane joints

intercarpal and intertarsal joints, articular processes between vertebrae

Hinge joints

produce uniaxial movements, one bone moves while the other remains stationary

Examples of hinge joints

elbow and knee joints

Pivot joints

produce uniaxial movements, a projection or process on one bone fits into and rotates within an opening on another bone

Examples of pivot joints

atlantoaxial and radioulnar joints

Saddle joints

produce biaxial movements, concave and convex portions of bones fit together

Examples of saddle joints

carpometacarpal joints

Ball-and-socket joints

produce multiaxial movements, provides the greatest range of motion

Examples of ball-and-socket joints

shoulder and hip joints

Condyloid joints

produce biaxial movements, modified ball-and-socket joints (oval shape versus spherical)

Examples of condyloid joints

metacarpophalangeal and atlantooccipital joints

Head

prominent rounded surface

Facet

flat surface

Condyle

rounded surface

Holes

opening or groove in a bone that allows blood vessels and nerves to enter or pass through the bone

Sulcus

groove

Canal

passage in bone

Foramen

hole

Sinus

air-filled space

Dorsiflexion

decreases joint angle between the front of the leg and the top of the foot, "flexing the foot"

Plantar Flexion

decreases joint angle between the back of the leg and the sole of the foot, "pointing the foot"

Coronal Suture

the suture between the parietal and frontal bones of the skull

Lambdoid Suture

where the parietal bones meet the occipital bone posteriorly

Sagittal Suture

suture between the two parietal bones

Anterior Cranial Fossa

formed by the frontal bone and part of the sphenoid bone

Middle Cranial Fossa

sphenoid, temporal and occipital bones

Posterior Cranial Fossa

contains the cerebellum and brainstem

Foramen Rotundum

Houses the maxillary nerve

Foramen Ovale

Houses the mandibular nerve

Carotid Canal

passageway for internal carotid artery

Cribiform Plate

superior surface of the ethmoid; perforated by a foramina which allows passage of the olfactory nerves

Optic Canal

allows the optic nerve and opthalmic artery to pass to the eye