Not in Study Guide

The Anterior Chest Wall and Breast Tissue is supplied by the ____ ____ ____

internal thoracic arteries

the posterior thoracic wall is supplied by the ____ ____ ____

posterior intercostal arteries

the head and neck is supplied by

common cartoid arteries

the upper limbs is supplied by

subclavian arteries

the head and neck is drained by

internal jugular veins

the upper limbs are drained by

subclavian veins

the right gonadal veins drains directly into the

inferior vena cava

the left gonadal veinm drains into the ___ ___ ___, which then drains into the ___ ___ ___

left renal vein, inferior vena cava

the azygos system drains the

posterior thoracic wall

right posterior intercostal veins drain directly into

azygos vein

left intercostal veins drain into

hemiazygos vein

the azygos vein empties directly into the

Superior Vena Cava

a tough dense connective tissue anchoring the heart an dpreveinting overfilling

fibrous pericardium

secretes lubricating fluid to reduce friction

serous pericardium

pericardial inflammation

pericarditis

fluid accumulation in the cavity

pericardial effusion

severe fluid accumulation compressing the heart and restricting filling

cardiac tamponade

formed by the tip of the left ventricle

apex

formed (primarily) by the right atrium

base

valve cusps attach to

chordae tendineae

the valve cusp attached to cordae tendineae anchors to

papillary muscles

papillary muscle contraction during systole pulls chordae tendinea to prevent

valve eversion

excessively floppy valve allowing backflow (most common in mitral/bicuspid valve)

valve prolapse

stiffened valve restricting forward flow

valve prolapse

fetal interatrial hole shunting blood from right to left atrium (bypassing lungs)

foramen ovale

the foramen ovale closes at birth to become the

fossa ovalis

when the foramen ovale/fossa ovalis fails to close completely

patent foramen ovale

ventricular contraction (AV valves closed, SL valves open)

systole

ventricular relaxation (AV Valves open, SL valves closed)

Diastole

vessel blockage

occlusion

reduced blood supply to the heart

ischemia

heart muscle tissue death from prolong ischemia

myocardial infarction

what artery + vein run together on the anterior intraventricular groove?

anterior IV artery + Great Cardiac Vein

What artery + vein run together on the posterior Intraventricular groove?

posterior IV artery + Middle Cardiac Vein

What artery + vein run together on the right inferior margin

right marginal artery + small cardiac vein

What artery + vein run together on the coronary groove?

circumflex/coronary arteries + Coronary Sinus

parasympathetic innervation originates from the ____ nerve (CN _) and acts as a brake pedal to decrease heart rate and force

Vagus, x

Sympathetic innervation originates from the lateral horn of T_-T_ segments and acts as gas pedal to increase heart rate and force

T1-T5

abnormally slow heart rate (<60bpm) associated with parasympathetic stimulation

bradycardia

abnormally fast heart rate (>100 bpm) associated with sympathetic stimulation

tahycardia

marks the exact boundary between the upper and lower respiratory tracts

true vocal cords

posterior openings connecting the nasal cavity to the nasopharynx

choanae

superior, middle, and inferior shelves that filte3r, warm, and moisten incoming air, assist in olfaction, and provide voice resonance

nasal conchae (turbinates)

the nasopharynx is bounded superiorly by the

sphenoid bone

the nasopharynx is bounded anteriorly by the

cochnae

the nasopharynx is bounded inferiorly by the

soft palate

the nasopharynx serves exclusively as an

air passage

the nasopharynx contains the ____ tonsil and the opening to the ____ tube (whch equalizes middle ear pressure

pharyngeal tonsil, eustachian (auditory)

the oropharynx is bounded superiorly by the ____ ____

soft palate

the nasopharynx is bounded inferiorly by the

hyoid bone

the oropharynx is considered a shared passage for

air and food

the oropharynx contains the paired ____ ____

palatine tonsils

the laryngopharynx is bounded superiorly by the

hyoid bone

the lingual tonsil is located at the base of the

tongue

the ____ begins at the lower border of the pharynx at the level of the cricoid cartilage (C6 Level)

esophagus

the esophagus passes through the ____ ____ of the diaphram at the ___ vertebral level

esophageal hiatus T10 level

maxillary (upper teeth are innervated by the __ maxillary nerve

V2

mandibular teeth are innervated by the __ mandibular nerve

V3

the partoid gland recieves preganglionic parasympathetic innervation from

CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve)

the submandibular and sublingual glands recieve preganglionic parasympathetics from

CN VII (Facial Nerve)

the anterior 2/3 has general somatic sensory pain carried by CN ___ and special sense of taste is carried by CN ___

V3(Mandibular Nerve), VII (Facial Nerve)

a tumor or swelling in the partoid gland compresses the ____ Nerve (CN ___) causing bells palsy (Facial Muscle Paralysis)

Facial VII