Oct 10: Data Protection and Resilience (23)

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Last updated 4:45 PM on 10/5/26
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23 Terms

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Data states
At rest (storage), in transit (network), in use (memory/processing).
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Regulated vs trade secret vs IP data
Regulated: legally controlled (PII, PHI). Trade secret: protected business info. IP: patents, copyrights, designs.
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Data masking
Hides part of the data (e.g., only the last 4 digits shown) while preserving format.
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Tokenization
Replaces sensitive data with a token; the real value sits in a secure vault.
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Hashing
One-way function used for integrity checks and password storage.
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Encryption
Reversible protection of data using a key.
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Obfuscation / segmentation / permissions
Hide, separate, and restrict access to data.
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DLP
Data loss prevention: detects and blocks unauthorized data exfiltration.
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Geographic restrictions (geofencing)
Limit access or storage by location.
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Hot vs warm vs cold site
Hot: ready now. Warm: partial setup. Cold: space only; slowest, cheapest.
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Geographic dispersion
Spreading resources across regions to survive localized disasters.
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Full vs incremental vs differential backup
Full: everything. Incremental: changes since last backup of any type. Differential: changes since last full.
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Restore order for backups
Incremental: last full + all incrementals. Differential: last full + latest differential.
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3-2-1 backup rule
3 copies, 2 media types, 1 offsite.
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Snapshot / replication / journaling
Snapshot: point-in-time image. Replication: copies data to another system. Journaling: logs changes for recovery.
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RAID 0, 1, 5, 6, 10
0: striping, no redundancy. 1: mirroring. 5: striping + parity (1 drive can fail). 6: dual parity (2 can fail). 10: striped mirrors.
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UPS vs generator
UPS: short-term battery power. Generator: long-term backup power.
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Tabletop exercise
Discussion-based walkthrough of an incident scenario.
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Failover test
Actually switch operations to the backup system to verify it works.
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Parallel processing / simulation tests
Run backup systems alongside production; simulate an incident to test response.
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Capacity planning
Plan for people, technology, and infrastructure needs.
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Platform diversity
Using different OSes, vendors, and tech so one flaw doesn't take everything down.
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Continuity of operations
Ensuring essential functions continue during and after disruptio