Bio exam PQs

The relationship between glucagon and insulin is a(n) ______ relationship regulated by ______ feedback.

A. Antagonistic, negative
B. Indirect, negative
C. Direct, positive
D. Antagonistic, positive

A. Antagonistic, negative

Correctly sequence what occurs when one eats a baked potato. Start with an increase in blood glucose.

I. Pancreas releases insulin
II. Liver produces glycogen
III. Blood glucose level increases
IV. Target cells detect signal
V. Blood glucose level decreases

III → I → IV → II → V

Identify which gland/structure secretes ACTH (adrenocorticotropic hormone).

A. Anterior pituitary
B. Hypothalamus
C. Adrenal medulla
D. Adrenal cortex

A. Anterior pituitary

Identify which correctly describes a non-tropic hormone.

A. Secreted from hypothalamus
B. Always water-soluble
C. Produced by an exocrine gland
D. Acts directly on target tissue

D. Acts directly on target tissue

Which gland secretes epinephrine (adrenaline)?

A. Anterior pituitary
B. Adrenal cortex
C. Adrenal medulla
D. Hypothalamus

C. Adrenal medulla

Thiamazole is a drug which is often prescribed to treat hyperthyroidism. The drug inhibits the action of thyroperoxidase, which catalyzes a step in the synthesis of T3 and T4. Which statement correctly describes thiamazole?

A. It acts on cells in the anterior pituitary.
B. It will result in a drop in thyroid hormone levels in the blood.
C. It will block the release of TRH from the anterior pituitary.
D. It will result in an overproduction of T3 and T4.

B. It will result in a drop in thyroid hormone levels in the blood.

Identify the role of insulin in blood glucose regulation.

A. Signal cells to absorb glucose.
B. Signal the pancreas to increase blood glucose levels.
C. Bind to and keep glucose in the blood.
D. Increase blood glucose levels by breaking down glycogen.

A. Signal cells to absorb glucose.

A cell which has 20 chromosomes undergoes meiosis. What are the number of chromosomes and ploidy in the cells produced at the end of meiosis?

A. 10 chromosomes, haploid
B. 10 chromosomes, diploid
C. 20 chromosomes, diploid
D. 20 chromosomes, haploid

A. 10 chromosomes, haploid

CORRECTLY sequence the following cells in the order they appear, earliest to latest, during spermatogenesis.

I. Primary spermatocyte
II. Secondary spermatocyte
III. Spermatogonium
IV. Mature sperm cell
V. Spermatid

III → I → II → V → IV

CORRECTLY sequence the pathway sperm cells follow in the male reproductive system.

I. Epididymis
II. Seminiferous tubule
III. Urethra
IV. Vas deferens

II → I → IV → III

The scrotum is a skin-covered sac which contains the:

A. Testes and urethra
B. Vas deferens and urethra
C. Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules
D. Testes and ejaculatory duct

C. Leydig cells and seminiferous tubules

Identify the function of androgen-binding protein (ABP) in the testes.

A. Promotes hypothalamus activity.
B. Sequesters testosterone to maintain it at high levels.
C. Stimulates Leydig cells to secrete testosterone.
D. Suppresses the secretion of LH and FSH.

B. Sequesters testosterone to maintain it at high levels.

Which are ADVANTAGES of asexual reproduction?

I. Faster generation of offspring
II. Increased creation of offspring
III. Higher percentage of parent's genes passed on
IV. Gametes produced via meiosis

A. II and IV
B. I and III
C. I only
D. III and IV

B. I and III

In an analysis of a patient's semen, we find there is very little mucus present. What structure is not functioning properly?

A. Prostate gland
B. Bulbourethral glands
C. Seminal vesicle
D. Seminiferous tubules

B. Bulbourethral glands

Your male patient was exposed to a chemical which specifically destroyed the cells in the walls of his seminiferous tubules. All other components of his reproductive tract were unaffected and function normally. Analysis of his semen will most likely reveal which of the following?

A. An absence of sperm, but normal levels of fructose.
B. Mature sperm, but an absence of fluids.
C. Mature sperm, but no testosterone.
D. Immature sperm as a result of low testosterone.

A. An absence of sperm, but normal levels of fructose.

Correctly sequence the following stages of oogenesis.

I. Primordial germ cells
II. Primary oocyte
III. Birth
IV. Oogonium
V. Ovulation

The arrow-sequence choices are somewhat blurry. My best reading is:

A. I → III → II → IV → V
B. I → IV → II → III → V
C. I → II → III → IV → V
D. I → II → IV → III → V

B. I → IV → II → III → V

Which are TRUE regarding egg and sperm?

I. Sperm are usually mobile.
II. Eggs often move using cilia.
III. Eggs are generally larger.
IV. Eggs are diploid, while sperm are haploid.

A. II, III and IV
B. I, II and III
C. I, III and IV
D. I and III

D. I and III

Identify the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction in animals and flowering plants that exhibit a haploid adult.

A. Gamete formation and regeneration
B. Budding
C. Parthenogenesis
D. Fission

A. Gamete formation and regeneration

Consider the menstrual cycle. Which of these events can occur on day 20 of a typical menstrual cycle?

I. Surge of luteinizing hormone
II. Progesterone levels are lower than at day 4
III. Estrogen levels are higher than at day 4
IV. Endometrium is thicker than at day 5

A. I and II
B. III and IV
C. II and III
D. I, II, and IV

B. III and IV

Identify the structure in humans in which fertilization typically occurs.

A. Ovary
B. Uterus
C. Oviduct
D. Cervix

C. Oviduct

Compare and contrast the ovarian and uterine cycles. Which statements are TRUE?

I. Luteal phase is a component of the ovarian cycle.
II. Menstrual flow phase is a component of the uterine cycle.
III. The ovarian cycle begins on day 1 and the uterine cycle begins on day 6.
IV. Both cycles are controlled by gonadotropins (LH and FSH) that are released by the hypothalamus.

A. I and II
B. I and III
C. II and IV
D. III and IV

A. I and II

The corpus luteum is derived from the ______ and is located in the ______.

A. Oogonium; oviduct
B. Follicle; ovary
C. Polar body; endometrium
D. Follicle; oviduct

B. Follicle; ovary

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the secretory phase of the uterine cycle?

A. Follicle-stimulating hormone
B. Gonadotropins
C. Luteinizing hormone
D. Progesterone

D. Progesterone