APUSH reading quiz 3.4-3.6

enlightenment ideas

emphasized science and human process over tradition and blind faith

deism

the belief that God created the universe but allows it to operate through the laws of nature, God built the world but stepped back

rationalism

human resources and logic are the best ways to understand the world and solve societal problems

Social Contract

a concept popularized by John Locke. It argues that the power of the government comes from the consent of the governed, protects peoples rights (life, liberty, property)

Thomas Paine’s common sense

argued in plain language for American Independence, it wasn’t common sense for a distant island, America, to be ruled by a massive continent

first continental congress

colonist did not want independence yet, wanted to protest Parliment and their rights and restore their relationship with the Crown. mix of moderate and conservative delegates met from all colonies except Georgia.

What Action was taken at the first continental congress

Endorsed Suffolk Resolves, calling for immediate repeal of the intolerable acts) and passed the Declaration of Rights and Greivances

Lexington and concord

British troops marched at colonies, shot heard around the world, marked the start of the armed conflict

Bunker Hill

first true battle, proved Americans could stand their ground against the British, but the Britsh took over the hill

Second continental congress

Olive Branch petition as the final pleas to the king to secure peoce and protect rights, king rejected it and issued the Prohibitory Act, which declared colonies in a state of rebellion and cut off all trade.

Declaration of independence

drafted by Thomas Jefferson, adopted on July 4, 1776, declared the colonies as independent from Britain

British Strengths in War

possesed the most powerful navy in the world, highly trained and well-equipped army, fast amount of money

patriots

made up 40% of the population, chronically short of supplies, poorly equipped, but fought with deep conviction and knew geography

African Americans

fought on both sides, British initially promised freedom, so George Washington made the same offer, 5,000 Africans fought for the Patriots

Tories/Loyalists

made up of 20-30% of the population, maintained their allegiance to the king and were often wealthier conservatives

African Indians

tried to stay out of it until colonial tracks caused them to ally with the British

initial American looses and hardships

first few years were disastrous due to poorly trained army

Saratoga

turning point, Americans proved themselves

french alliance

after winning the battle at Saratoga, the French offically allied with the Americans

york town

final battle, washington forced British to surrender

treaty of paris

1. Britain reorganized the United States as an independent nation

2. the western border of the US was set at the Mississippi River

3. Americans gained fishing rights off the coast of Canada

women during war

provided for food, supplies, sometimes fought or was a nurse, kept businesses and farms open and running back home, maintained economy

republican motherhood

educating mothers thought their children about the new Republic and their roles as new citizens, didn’t put women above men though in politics

slavery reorganized

initial ban on slaves, but even leaders who wanted slavery to end couldn’t see a world where free white and black men were the same

cotton gin

made people need slaves, high demand of forced labor was justified by religion and politics

native American after war

did not benefit, colonist viewed them as obstacles to western settlement, revolutionary ideas of equality did’t apply to them