Principles of Biology 1 Lab Exam 2 Practice Flashcards

Vocabulary and diagram flashcards covering invertebrate phyla, developmental patterns, body cavity types, insect orders, and anatomical structures for Principles of Biology 1 Lab Exam 2.

Acoelomates

Organisms that have no body cavity or fluid.

Coelomates

Organisms that have a true body cavity enclosed by the mesoderm.

Pseudocoelomates

Organisms that have a body cavity enclosed by both the endoderm and the mesoderm.

Cephalization

The concentration of sense organs and nervous control at the anterior end of the body, forming a head and brain.

Protostome Development

Development in which cleavage is spiral and determinate, the splitting of solid masses of mesoderm forms the coelom, and the blastopore becomes the mouth.

Deuterostome Development

Development in which cleavage is radial and indeterminate, the mesoderm buds from the wall of the archenteron to form the coelom, and the blastopore becomes the anus.

Foot (Mollusca)

A mollusc structure usually used for movement.

Visceral Mass (Mollusca)

The region of a mollusc body that contains most internal organs.

Mantle (Mollusca)

A fold of tissue draping over the visceral mass in molluscs that secretes the shell.

Radula

An anatomical structure in molluscs used to scrape food.

Arthropod Exoskeleton Advantages

Reduces water loss to prevent desiccation and provides structural support without the buoyancy of water.

Centipedes

Arthropods with a few dozen to a few hundred legs, one pair of legs per trunk segment, carnivorous diet, and poisonous claws on their foremost trunk segment.

Millipedes

Arthropods with many legs (fewer than a thousand), two pairs of legs per trunk segment, non-poisonous/venomous nature, and a diet of decaying leaves and other plant matter.

Incomplete Metamorphosis

Development where young (nymphs) resemble small adults without wings, undergo a series of molts as they grow, reach full size, acquire wings, and become sexually mature with the final molt.

Complete Metamorphosis

Development featuring larval stages specialized for eating and growing that look very different from the adult stage, with metamorphosis occurring during a pupal stage.

Gradual Metamorphosis

Development where nymphs hatch resembling small adults, live in the same habitat and eat the same foods as adults, and slowly and subtly become the adult form over many molts.

Coleoptera

Insect order characterized by two pairs of wings (one thick/stiff and one membranous) with mouthparts for biting/chewing.

Diptera

Insect order characterized by one pair of wings (the second pair forms balancing organs called halteres) with mouthparts for sucking, piercing, or lapping.

Hymenoptera

Insect order characterized by two pairs of membranous wings with mouthparts for chewing or sucking.

Lepidoptera

Insect order characterized by two pairs of wings covered in tiny scales with a long proboscis that uncoils to feed on nectar, blood, or tears.

Hemiptera

Insect order characterized by two pairs of wings (one partly leathery and one membranous) with mouthparts for piercing or sucking.

Orthoptera

Insect order characterized by two pairs of wings (one leathery, one membranous) with mouthparts for biting or chewing.

Phylum Platyhelminthes Characteristics

No body cavity, protostome, no molting, tissues, no segmentation, bilateral symmetry, and no jointed appendages.

Phylum Annelida Characteristics

Body cavity (coelom), segmentation, tissues, no jointed appendages, bilateral symmetry, protostome, and no molting.

Phylum Mollusca Characteristics

Bilateral symmetry, no segmentation, no molting, no jointed appendages, body cavity (coelom), protostome, and tissues.

Phylum Arthropoda Characteristics

Segmentation, tissues, coelom, jointed appendages, body cavity, molting, bilateral symmetry, and protostome.

Planarian Anatomy Diagram

(A) Brain, (B) Ventral nerve cord, (C) Protonephridia, (D) Ventral surface, (E) Gastrovascular cavity, (F) Dorsal surface, (G) Mouth, (H) Eyespot, (I) Pharynx.

Trematode Anatomy Diagram

(A) Testes, (B) Oral sucker, (C) Intestine, (D) Ovary, (E) Ventral sucker, (F) Oral sucker, (G) Intestine, (H) Testes, (I) Ovary.

Cestode Anatomy Diagram

(A) Hooks, (B) Genital pore, (C) Sucker, (D) Testes, (E) Ovary, (F) Scolex.

Earthworm Anatomy Diagram

(A) Seminal vesicles, (B) Septa, (C) Crop, (D) Seminal receptacle, (E) Heart, (F) Pharynx, (G) Intestine, (H) Gizzard, (I) Dorsal blood vessel.

Basic Mollusc Anatomy Diagram

(A) Shell, (B) Coelom, (C) Mantle cavity, (D) Metanephridium, (E) Gonads, (F) Stomach, (G) Esophagus, (H) Mouth, (I) Mouth, (J) Radula, (K) Nerve cords, (L) Gill, (M) Hemocoel, (N) Intestine, (O) Digestive tract, (P) Foot, (Q) Anus, (R) Mantle, (S) Visceral mass, (T) Heart, (U) Radula.

Marine Shell Internal Anatomy Diagram

(A) Anus, (B) Gills, (C) Foot, (D) Incurrent siphon, (E) Excurrent siphon, (F) Mantle.

Squid External Anatomy Diagram

(A) Tentacle, (B) Fin, (C) Arms, (D) Siphon, (E) Sucker, (F) Eye, (G) Mantle, (H) Arms, (I) Eye, (J) Fin, (K) Extension of pen, (L) Tentacle.

Squid Internal Anatomy Diagram

(A) Eye, (B) Fin, (C) Ink sac, (D) Rectum, (E) Testes, (F) Cecum, (G) Beak, (H) Buccal mass, (I) Kidney, (J) Penis, (K) Digestive gland, (L) Siphon retractor muscle, (M) Seminal vesicle, (N) Ctendidium, (O) Stomach, (P) Branchial heart, (Q) Siphon, (R) Systemic heart.

Arthropod Appendages Diagram

(A) Swimming appendages, (B) Antennae (sensory reception), (C) Mouthparts (feeding), (D) Pincer (defense), (E) Walking legs.

Basic Arthropod Anatomy Diagram

(A) Dorsal blood vessel, (B) Antenna, (C) Crop, (D) Abdomen, (E) Intestine, (F) Trachea, (G) Thorax, (H) Nerve cord, (I) Cerebral ganglia, (J) Hearts, (K) Anus, (L) Stomach, (M) Head, (N) Spiracles, (O) Mouth, (P) Ovary, (Q) Pharynx.

Grasshopper Anatomy Diagram

(A) Dorsal artery, (B) Head, (C) Crop, (D) Cerebral ganglia, (E) Anus, (F) Post-genital region, (G) Ovary, (H) Heart, (J) Nerve cords, (K) Hemocoel, (L) Vagina, (M) Tracheal tubes, (N) Malpighian tubules, (O) Mouthparts, (P) Compound eye, (Q) Antennae.

Crayfish Anatomy Diagram

(A) Carapace, (B) Walking legs, (C) Cheliped, (D) Rostrum, (E) Cephalic groove, (F) Green gland, (G) Pyloric stomach, (H) Gills, (I) Cardiac stomach, (J) Intestine, (K) Digestive gland.