Language and Children with Intellectual Disabilities

A set of vocabulary flashcards covering the definitions, levels of support, ecological models, etiological categories, language characteristics, and genetic causes of intellectual disabilities based on the lecture notes.

Intellectual Disability (AAIDD Definition)

A disability characterized by significant limitations both in intellectual functioning and in adaptive behavior as expressed in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills, originating before age $18$.

Levels of Impairment Classification

A classification framework detailing Mild ($50-55$ to $70$ IQ; $89\%$), Moderate ($35-40$ to $50-55$ IQ; $7\%$), Severe ($20-25$ to $35-40$ IQ; $3\%$), and Profound (Below $20-25$ IQ; $1\%$) categories alongside traditional labels.

Intermittent Support

Short-term supports needed during specific occurrences, such as an acute medical crisis.

Limited Support

Supports needed regularly but briefly, such as employee assistance to remediate a job-related skill deficit.

Extensive Support

Ongoing and regular assistance, such as long-term home living support.

Pervasive Support

Potentially life-sustaining support, such as attendant care, skilled medical care, or help with taking medications.

Theoretical Model of Intellectual Disability

A multidimensional model evaluating Intellectual Abilities, Adaptive Behavior, Participation/Interactions/Social Roles, Health, and Context, which interact through Supports to affect Individual Functioning.

Three-Level Ecological Model of Intellectual Disability

An ecological framework describing factors influencing a person with ID across Microsystem (Person, Family, Friends), Mesosystem (School, Workplace, Community Resources, Neighborhood), and Macrosystem (Society's Cultural Views and Practices).

Organic Etiology

Intellectual disability resulting from major chromosomal, genetic, or traumatic causes; typically characterized by IQ below $50$, higher mortality rate, atypical developmental patterns, and higher prevalence of associated physical disabilities.

Familial Etiology

Intellectual disability with no known cause that tends to run in families; typically characterized by IQ rarely below $50$, normal mortality rate, normal developmental patterns at a slower rate of growth, and higher prevalence at lower socioeconomic levels.

Language Profile Before Age 10 in ID

Language development that generally follows the expected developmental sequence but displays reduced quantity, including shorter sentences, reduced complex grammar, and reduced vocabulary diversity.

Language Profile After Age 10 in ID

Qualitative communication behaviors in a heterogeneous group suggesting a language disorder, such as repeatedly asking the same question or continuing a behavior despite attempts at extinction.

Down Syndrome (DS)

The most widely known genetic cause of intellectual disability occurring in $1$ in $700$ live births, caused by an extra 21st chromosome.

Fragile X Syndrome (FXS)

The most commonly known cause of inherited intellectual disability, caused by a defect and CGG repeat expansion on the FMR1 gene.

Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD)

A continuum of disability caused by maternal drinking during pregnancy.

Williams Syndrome (WS)

A condition occurring in $1$ in $10,000$ to $15,000$ live births, caused by missing genetic material on chromosome $7$.

Angelman Syndrome (AS)

A condition occurring in $1$ in $10,000$ to $25,000$ live births, caused by the deletion of genetic material from the mother's 15th chromosome.

Prader Willi Syndrome

A condition occurring in $1$ in $8,000$ to $1$ in $25,000$ live births, caused by the deletion of genetic material from the father's 15th chromosome.

Final Consonant Devoicing

A speech production phonological process seen in children with intellectual disabilities where final voiced consonants are devoiced (e.g., pronouncing cap for cab).