AP CH 15

In the cardiovascular system, what vessels are the site of nutrient, gas, and waste exchange?

Capillaries

What is the deepest layer in the wall of the heart?

Endocardium

What valve is located between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Tricuspid valve

What is the function of chordae tendineae?

Prevent the cusps of the AV valves from moving up into the atria

What vessel is located in the atrioventricular sulcus between the right atrium and right ventricle?

Right coronary a.

The left ventricle pushes blood into what vessel(s)?

Aorta

When the first heart sound is heard, what is occuring with the heart valves?

The AV valves are closing.

What causes the semilunar valves to open during the cardiac cycle?

Ventricular pressure is greater than arterial pressure.

What term refers to a mass of cells that act as a unit?

Functional syncytium

What structure is also known as the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node

What ECG deflection depicts ventricular repolarization?

T wave

At the SA node, parasympathetic fibers of the vagus nerve secrete __________, which __________ the heart rate.

acetycholine; decreases

Name the innermost layer of an artery wall.

Endothelium

Consider the arteriolar end of a capillary bed. During capillary exchange, the process of __________ is favored at the arteriolar end due to the higher __________ pressure.

filtration; hydrostatic

What is systolic pressure?

The maximum pressure achieved during ventricular contraction.

What site is commonly used to feel a pulse?

Radial artery on the wrist

What factor can increase blood pressure?

An increase in heart rate

Which equation states the relationship between blood pressure (BP), peripheral resistance (PR), and cardiac output (CO)?

BP = CO x PR

As a result of a sudden increase in the blood pressure, signals from baroreceptors lead to a(n) __________ in sympathetic outflow from the vasomotor center, which results in a(n) __________ in peripheral resistance and return of blood pressure to normal.

decrease; decrease

A 65-year-old male has a heart rate of 80 bpm and stroke volume of 50 mL. Calculate the cardiac output in L/min.

4 L/min